BONDING - journalBONDING - journal
1.1. Draw the BOHR ATOM & Lewis Dots for Draw the BOHR ATOM & Lewis Dots for Hydrogen, Carbon, Chlorine, and NeonHydrogen, Carbon, Chlorine, and Neon
2.2. How many valence electrons does each have?How many valence electrons does each have?3.3. How many more electrons does each need to How many more electrons does each need to
be full in its valence shell?be full in its valence shell?4.4. Are atoms stable when their valence shells Are atoms stable when their valence shells
are partially empty?are partially empty?
BONDINGBONDING
Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the number Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the number of valence electrons.of valence electrons.
BONDINGBONDING
Therefore, chemical BONDING and Therefore, chemical BONDING and REACTIVITY (how an element REACTIVITY (how an element reacts) depend on an element’s reacts) depend on an element’s electron configuration.electron configuration.
BONDINGBONDINGWhich families on the Periodic Table are UNSTABLE Which families on the Periodic Table are UNSTABLE
because of their electron configurations?because of their electron configurations?CIRCLE THEM.CIRCLE THEM.
BONDINGBONDING STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION: STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION:
Which group does this describe?Which group does this describe?
BONDINGBONDING
What do elements with What do elements with UNSTABLE ELECTRON UNSTABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONSCONFIGURATIONS do? do?
BONDINGBONDING
They CHEMICALLY BOND and form compoundsThey CHEMICALLY BOND and form compounds IONIC BONDINGIONIC BONDING
BONDINGBONDING IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable
electron configuration through electron electron configuration through electron transfertransfer
Both Sodium and Chlorine are now STABLE Both Sodium and Chlorine are now STABLE (FULL) in their highest energy levels(FULL) in their highest energy levels
BONDINGBONDING IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable
electron configuration through electron electron configuration through electron transfertransfer
What types of elements are Sodium and What types of elements are Sodium and Chlorine?Chlorine?
BONDINGBONDING
IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration through electron electron configuration through electron
transfer between a metal and a nonmetal.transfer between a metal and a nonmetal.
BONDINGBONDING IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable
electron configuration through electron electron configuration through electron transfer between a metal and a nonmetal.transfer between a metal and a nonmetal.
When an atom gains or loses electrons, what When an atom gains or loses electrons, what does it get? does it get?
A CHARGE.A CHARGE.
BONDINGBONDING IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable
electron configuration through electron electron configuration through electron transfer between a metal and a nonmetaltransfer between a metal and a nonmetal
ION:ION: An atom with a positive or negative An atom with a positive or negative CHARGE from electron transfer.CHARGE from electron transfer.
BONDINGBONDING IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable
electron configuration through electron electron configuration through electron transfer between a metal and a nonmetaltransfer between a metal and a nonmetal
In the bond, one becomes positive (loses In the bond, one becomes positive (loses electrons) and one becomes negative (gains electrons) and one becomes negative (gains
electrons).electrons).
BONDINGBONDING IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable
electron configuration through electron electron configuration through electron transfer between a metal and a nonmetaltransfer between a metal and a nonmetal
WHAT DO OPPOSITE CHARGES DO?WHAT DO OPPOSITE CHARGES DO?
BONDINGBONDING IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable IONIC BONDING – the forming of a stable
electron configuration through electron electron configuration through electron transfer between a metal and a nonmetaltransfer between a metal and a nonmetal
ATTRACT. ATTRACT. This is HOW the IONIC BOND forms.This is HOW the IONIC BOND forms.
BONDINGBONDING HOW can you predict which elements will HOW can you predict which elements will
make positive ions and which will make make positive ions and which will make negative ions?negative ions?
IONIC BONDINGIONIC BONDINGIonization EnergyIonization Energy: the ability to PULL ON : the ability to PULL ON
ELECTRONS.ELECTRONS.
Which side GIVES UP electrons more easily?Which side GIVES UP electrons more easily?Which side has the MOST PULL?Which side has the MOST PULL?
IONIC BONDINGIONIC BONDINGIonization EnergyIonization Energy: the ability to PULL ON ELECTRONS.: the ability to PULL ON ELECTRONS.
TELLS YOU THE TELLS YOU THE OXIDATION NUMBEROXIDATION NUMBER
Take out your Periodic Table.Take out your Periodic Table.Predict the OXIDATION NUMBERS for A GroupsPredict the OXIDATION NUMBERS for A Groups
IONIC BONDINGIONIC BONDING
PROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDSPROPERTIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS1.1. Form between a metal and a nonmetalForm between a metal and a nonmetal
2.2. Brittle/crystallineBrittle/crystalline3.3. High melting/boiling pointsHigh melting/boiling points
4.4. Dissolve (ions come apart) in water & conduct electricityDissolve (ions come apart) in water & conduct electricity
IONIC BONDINGIONIC BONDING NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDSNAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS
The metal (positive ion) goes first in the formulaThe metal (positive ion) goes first in the formulaThe nonmetal (negative ion) goes last in the formulaThe nonmetal (negative ion) goes last in the formula
1.1. NaCl – Sodium ChlorideNaCl – Sodium Chloride2.2. HF – Hydrogen FluorideHF – Hydrogen Fluoride
3.3. MgIMgI22 – Magnesium Iodide – Magnesium Iodide4.4. KBr - ???KBr - ???
Potassium BromidePotassium Bromide
This is Binary NomenclatureThis is Binary NomenclatureIonic Bonding ChallengeIonic Bonding Challenge
BONDING – Journal 3BONDING – Journal 3
Show ALL THE STEPS of an IONIC BOND Show ALL THE STEPS of an IONIC BOND between a Family 1A element and a Family 7A between a Family 1A element and a Family 7A element, between a Family 2A and Family 6A, element, between a Family 2A and Family 6A,
and a Family 3A and a Family 5A.and a Family 3A and a Family 5A.
BONDING – JournalBONDING – Journal
Show all of the steps needed to bond Show all of the steps needed to bond Sodium and Bromine.Sodium and Bromine.
Show all of the steps needed to bond Show all of the steps needed to bond Magnesium and Fluorine.Magnesium and Fluorine.
What is the full definition of an ionic What is the full definition of an ionic bond?bond?
Why do elements bond?Why do elements bond? Answer the question for Figure 10 on Answer the question for Figure 10 on
page 166 of your book.page 166 of your book.
BONDINGBONDING
Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the Chemical PROPERTIES depend on the number of valence electrons.number of valence electrons.
BONDINGBONDING
Therefore, chemical bonding Therefore, chemical bonding and reactivity depend on an and reactivity depend on an element’s electron element’s electron configuration.configuration.
BONDINGBONDING
STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION: STABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION: Which group does this describe?Which group does this describe?
BONDINGBONDING
What do elements with What do elements with UNSTABLE UNSTABLE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONSELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS do? do?
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARINGthrough electron SHARING
Both Hydrogens are now STABLE in Both Hydrogens are now STABLE in their highest energy levelstheir highest energy levels
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARINGthrough electron SHARING
What type of element is Hydrogen?What type of element is Hydrogen?
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
What element is this?What element is this?
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many electrons are How many electrons are shared in each picture?shared in each picture?
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
Two = A PAIRTwo = A PAIR This is called a SINGLE This is called a SINGLE
COVALENT BONDCOVALENT BOND
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
Each atom shares AN EQUAL numberEach atom shares AN EQUAL numberof electrons to fill its outer shellof electrons to fill its outer shell
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
This is how you DRAW a This is how you DRAW a SINGLE COVALENT BONDSINGLE COVALENT BOND
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
A single line means each atom sharedA single line means each atom sharedone electron each to get full.one electron each to get full.
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you show the bond between Carbon and How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?Hydrogen?
BREAK FOR THE BONDING BASICS SHEETBREAK FOR THE BONDING BASICS SHEET
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you show the bond between How would you show the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?Carbon and Hydrogen?
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you DRAW the bond between How would you DRAW the bond between Carbon and Hydrogen?Carbon and Hydrogen?
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
What kind of bond would 2 oxygen What kind of bond would 2 oxygen atoms form?atoms form?
COVALENTCOVALENT
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many electrons does each atom How many electrons does each atom need?need?
TWOTWO
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many TOTAL electrons are shared?How many TOTAL electrons are shared? FOURFOUR
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you draw this?How would you draw this?
This is a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. 2 pairs This is a DOUBLE COVALENT BOND. 2 pairs sharedshared
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
What kind of bond would 2 nitrogen What kind of bond would 2 nitrogen atoms form?atoms form?
COVALENTCOVALENT
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many electrons does each atom How many electrons does each atom need?need?
ThreeThree
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration of a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How many total electrons are shared?How many total electrons are shared? Six (three pairs)Six (three pairs)
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How would you draw this?How would you draw this? This is a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND 3 pairs This is a TRIPLE COVALENT BOND 3 pairs
sharedshared
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
Sometimes electrons are NOT SHARED Sometimes electrons are NOT SHARED EQUALLYEQUALLY
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
This is called a POLAR COVALENT This is called a POLAR COVALENT MOLECULEMOLECULE
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
The molecule has a negative side and The molecule has a negative side and positive sidepositive side
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
The molecule has a negative side and The molecule has a negative side and positive sidepositive side
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
Whenever electrons are SHARED, the Whenever electrons are SHARED, the thing that is formed is called a MOLECULE.thing that is formed is called a MOLECULE.
BONDINGBONDING
COVALENT BONDING – the forming of COVALENT BONDING – the forming of a stable electron configuration a stable electron configuration
through electron SHARING between through electron SHARING between NONMETALSNONMETALS
How do you write the Chemical Formula How do you write the Chemical Formula for a MOLECULE?for a MOLECULE?
BONDINGBONDING
How do you write the Chemical Formula for How do you write the Chemical Formula for a MOLECULE?a MOLECULE?
HH22
OO22
CHCH44
FF22
NN22
BONDINGBONDINGHOW DO YOU NAME A MOLECULE?HOW DO YOU NAME A MOLECULE?
HH22OODihydrogen oxideDihydrogen oxide
COCO22
Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxideCHCH44
Carbon tetrahydrideCarbon tetrahydrideHClHCl
Hydrogen ChlorideHydrogen ChlorideSOSO33
Sulfur trioxideSulfur trioxide
Building Covalent Building Covalent MoleculesMolecules
Number of shared
electrons
Name of bond Shown in a structural formula by what symbol?
Shown in a model by how many of what item?
2 SINGLE ----- ONE STICK
4 DOUBLE === TWO SPRINGS
6 TRIPLE === THREE SPRINGS
Building Covalent Building Covalent MoleculesMolecules
3BLUEN
2SILVERS
2REDO
1YELLOWH4BLACKC
Number of covalent bonds needed to get a full outer shell = number of holes
Lewis DotColorElement
Building Covalent Building Covalent MoleculesMolecules
Suppose you need to make three Suppose you need to make three covalent bonds to get a full outer covalent bonds to get a full outer shell. What are three ways of shell. What are three ways of covalent bonding involving covalent bonding involving combinations of single, double, and combinations of single, double, and triple bonds that you could use?triple bonds that you could use?
Building Covalent Building Covalent MoleculesMolecules
When you build a good model what When you build a good model what happens to the holes in the atomic happens to the holes in the atomic models?models?
THEY ARE FULLTHEY ARE FULL
CO2
Clear, gas, low boiling pointcarbon dioxide
NH3
Liquid, clear, used for cleaning & manufacturingammonia
H2SStinks, toxic, clearrotten egg gas
C4H10Flammable, clear, gasbutane
C3H8Flammable, clear, gaspropane
CH4
Flammable, clear, gas
methane
N2Gas, clear, low boiling point, 78% of atmospherenitrogen
O2
Gas, clear, low boiling point,18% of atmosphereoxygen
H2OLiquid, clear, high boiling point
water
Structural formulaChemical FormulaPHYSICAL PROPERTIESMolecule’s name