Download - CHEM-E CAR FALL 2015 (Spring)
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ChemE Car Stopping Mechanism:Spring Pressure Stopping
SystemUCSD 2015-16
Donovan LyJoanne LySean Riley
Shaocheng HuAlan Tam
Cheryl Chan
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Spring Pressure Stopping MechanismOur designed stopping mechanism revolves around a chemical reaction which produces gas as a product to create a pressure build up within the reaction tank. This pressure would create a force pushing on a piston which is held by a spring. Once the pressure of the reaction is greater than the force of the spring, the pistol will be propelled towards a button and/or switch linked to the propulsion system that be immediately shut off.
Our system is based off of 3 different variables:❖ Pressure generated
➢ Different chemical reactions, reactants, products, conversion, and yield ❖ Spring Constant (F = ma = kx)
➢ Varying mechanical components change the force needed to push the piston❖ Distance between piston and button and/or switch
➢ With spring constant and reaction fixed, we can vary the distance needed to add additional versatility to our system
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Overview: Integration Within the Car
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Visualization of Spring Mechanism
1. Diagram of how your system must be integrated within the car. For example, how it is hooked up electrically or mechanically
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Types of Chemical ReactionsSince our design is based off of pressure, we chose the following reactions that produce gas as a product for the pressure build up, along with taking into account material pricing and the NFPA safety rating of each reactant and product
❖ Sulfuric Acid + Calcium CarbonateCaCO3 (s) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
❖ Nitric Acid + Sodium Carbonate2HNO3(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)→2NaNO3(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)
❖ Hydrochloric Acid + Calcium Carbonate2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) → CaCl2(aq) + H2CO3(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
❖ Acetic Acid + Sodium BicarbonateCH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → NaCH3COO(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
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Sulfuric Acid & Calcium Carbonate ReactionCaCO3 (s) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)
❖ Procedure1. Calcium carbonate is initially in the tank.2. Sulfuric acid is added in by a syringe.3. Optional: Shake tank to speed up the reaction.
❖ Reaction is rapid➢ Saves pressure build-up time.➢ Most likely will not have to shake the tank.
❖ Gas ProducedCO2
❖ Exothermic
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Nitric Acid & Sodium Carbonate Reaction2HNO3(aq)+Na2CO3(aq)→2NaNO3(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)
❖ Procedure1. Sodium carbonate is initially in the tank.2. Nitric acid is added in by a syringe.3. Optional: Shake tank to speed up the reaction.
❖ Gas ProducedCO2
❖ Reaction is rapid➢ Saves pressure build-up time.➢ Most likely will not have to shake tank.
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Hydrochloric Acid & Calcium Carbonate Reaction2 HCl(aq) + CaCO3(s) → CaCl2(aq) + H2CO3(aq) → CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
❖ Procedure1. Hydrochloric acid is initially in the tank.2. Calcium carbonate is tipped in. 3. Optional: Shake tank to speed up the reaction.
❖ Reaction is rapid➢ Saves pressure build-up time
❖ Gas ProducedCO2
❖ Temperature & VolumeAs temperature increases, the rate of volume of gas produced increases.
❖ at 60℃, 1M HCl: 20sec: ~22mL; 40sec: ~36.5 mL; 1min: ~46.5 mL➢ can control rate of gas produced with temperature
❖ Exothermic
Data from: http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=122747
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Acetic Acid & Sodium Bicarbonate ReactionCH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) → NaCH3COO(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
❖ Procedure1. Sodium bicarbonate is initially in the tank.2. Acetic acid is added in by a syringe.3. Shake tank to speed up the reaction.
❖ Gas ProducedCO2
❖ Pressure & TemperatureUse Gassby’s data as a reference.
❖ Pro: Gassby is proof that the reaction is reliable.❖ Con: Pressure build-up time takes too long.❖ Endothermic
➢ poses less of a risk compared to an exothermic reaction
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List of Chemicals and CostMaterials NFPA Rating Price Seller
Sodium Nitrite 2,0,1 2 lb for $7.50 Duda Energy
Sulfamic Acid 2,1,0 1lb for $6.50 Amazon
Sulfuric Acid 3,0,2 950 mL for $12.95 Amazon
Calcium Carbonate 0,0,0 1lb for $8 Duda Energy
Acetic Acid 2,2,2 950 mL for $9.50 Walmart
Hydrochloric Acid 3,0,0 500 mL for $6 Amazon
Sodium Bicarbonate 1,0,1 1lb for $8.75 Duda Energy
Nitric Acid 3,0,0 1L for $51.95 Duda Energy
Total: $111.15
NaNO2
CaCO3
Na2CO3
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Mechanical ComponentsPneumatic Cylinder / (7/16 in., 0.1 lb, Bore, Single-Acting, Spring Return, Rear Pivot Mount)
Stroke Length (in.) Length (in.) Price Seller
0.5 2.64 $13.50 Automationdirect.com
1.0 3.63 $14.50 Automationdirect.com
1.5 4.57 $15.50 Automationdirect.com
2.0 5.51 $16.50 Automationdirect.com
Mount Style Bracket Nut Total Price Seller
Front Nose $2.50 $1.00 $3.50 Automationdirect.com
Rear Pivot $2.75 - $2.75 Automationdirect.com
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Mechanical Components ContinuedAdditional Materials
Products Specification/detail Price Seller
Pressure Gauge $7.00 Automationdirect.com
Polyurethane (PUR) Hose 8 ft Hose $13.00 Automationdirect.com
Hose Clamps (2) $0.98 each Home Depot
Barbed Hose Fittings (2) $1.68 each Grainger.com
Pressure Release Valve $19.53 NRI Industrial
Pushbutton $9.75 SparkFun Electronics
Fittings Cross / Hex Nipple $3.00 / $5.38 Merit Brass / Parker
Possible Containers Gas Cylinder / Lab Reaction Tank
$4.00 / $30.00 Alibaba.com
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Total Price of Mechanical Components The price of the additional materials is approximately: $73.23 or $99.23
The total price will vary depending on the Pneumatic Cylinder we purchase and the reaction container.
Additional Information about each product will be provided on a separate document due to limited slide space.
$13.50 Cylinder $14.50 Cylinder $15.50 Cylinder $16.50 Cylinder
+ $73.23 or $99.23 + $73.23 or $99.23 + $73.23 or $99.23 + $73.23 or $99.23
Total: $86.73 - $112.73 Total: $87.73 - $113.73 Total: $88.73 - $114.73 Total: $89.73 - $115.73
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Hazard StatementsCaCl2,CaSO4,CaCO3,NaCH3COO,CH3COOH,NaHCO3,Na2CO3: Causes serious eye irritation
CaSO4,HCI,NaNO3: May cause respiratory irritation
HCl,NaHSO4,H2SO4,CH3COOH,HNO3: May be corrosive to metals
HCl,NaHSO4,H2SO4,HNO3,NaNO3: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
N2,CO2: Risk of explosion if heated under confinement
NaNO2: Toxic if swallowed
NaNO2,NaNO3: Very toxic to aquatic life
NaNO3: Harmful if swallowed
NaNO3: Suspected of causing genetic defects and cancer According to ChemWatch Review SDS
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Safety Precautions Prevention❖ Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray
❖ Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/ eye protection/face protection
❖ Keep chemicals only in original container
❖ Wash hands and equipments thoroughly after handling
❖ Do not eat, drink or smoke when using chemicals
❖ Avoid release to the environment
❖ For hydrochloric acid, use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
❖ Chemicals are disposed properly based on their chemical properties and laboratory requirements
❖ Pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure inside system
❖ Appropriately sized and set relief valve is used to prevent system from explosion
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Safety Precautions Response❖ If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several times
❖ If eye irritation persists: get medical advice/attention
❖ If inhaled: Remove victim to fresh air and rest in a position comfortable for breathing
❖ If swallowed: Rinse mouth. Do not induce vomiting
❖ If on skin: Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower
❖ Absorb spillage to prevent material damage
❖ Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician
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Concerned regulation❖ Maximum operating pressure should be no greater 90% of the MAWP
❖ Pressure greater than 500 psi is not allowed
❖ A pressure gauge that reads from 0 psig to 2 times the maximum operating pressure
❖ All components must be certified to operate at a pressure greater than the maximum operating
pressure
❖ No PVC, cPVC, PETE or PET vessels or piping used for pressurized gases are allowed.
❖ Appropriately sized relief valve is required for pressurized gas
❖ All chemicals are injected into the reactor vessels with syringes at the start of the line. ❖ Wash contaminated clothing before reuse
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Proposed Research PlanNov. 7 – Nov. 12: Research❖ Division of work split between each team member for independent research
➢ Safety procedures, rules, and regulations➢ Budget➢ Mechanical / electrical components➢ Chemical reactions➢ Diagram / animation for our design
End of Nov. – After system presentation: Trial and Error❖ Purchase material to start testing of design
➢ Reaction tank ➢ Piston / spring ➢ Button / circuit switch➢ Pressure release valve, gauge➢ Tubing, chassis shell, etc.
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Research Plan Cont.Dec – Jan: Test different chemical reactions for specific pressure build up❖ Vary concentrations of reactants❖ Yield and conversion of different products
Jan - Feb: Test different springs for different spring constants❖ Determine amount of force necessary to move piston to button/switch
Test various distance lengths for pistol to travel in order to push button/switch❖ Spring constant is fixed, cannot vary as much, but can vary the distance between pistol and button❖ After deciding on a specific spring, can determine length needed for given reaction
Feb – March: Start building vessel under competition regulations, and fit design into chassis❖ Test chassis stopping system with various other propulsion mechanisms for data
➢ Be able to be used with variety of propulsion mechanisms➢ Account for new variables (ie. weight, momentum, friction, etc.)
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Potential Issues and TroubleshootingPotential Issues to Consider:
❖ Pressure build up can be really high and unsafe (>> 1psig); need pressure gauges to monitor the pressure and a pressure regulator
❖ A steel container is required to withstand the pressure from gas build up; most glass containers can only withstand less than 25psig
❖ Include a safety release valve in case the pressure goes 110% of the operating pressure in case the regulator or piston fails
❖ Car will not go to a complete stop after switch is turned off -- we would have to work with the propulsion team to determine the additional distance that the car will cover after the switch is turned off
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Additional DetailsRecycle of data and equipment
❖ Gassby car used a similar design for propulsion system, which we can recycle old data and equipment that is suitable for our design that will save us effort, time, and money➢ Reactant amount and concentration➢ Generated pressure➢ Reaction tank, tubing, hardware, etc.
Versatility
❖ Our design system can be applied to a variety of different propulsion systems, not limited to only a pressure system vessel➢ button / switch can shut off circuits, turn off motors, cut off electrical currents, etc.
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Thank You for Your TimeQuestions?
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ReferencesPneumatic Cylinders: Automationdirect.com