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Chem Catalyst:Chem HW:Review Unit 6
section of Packet
TABLE OF CONTENTS:TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Which flask would have the lowest pressure? Assume the moles are the same in each flask, and the volume is constant as well.
Unit 9 and 10: Biochemistry, Nuclear Chem
Pg Left Right40 Table: Macromolecules Notes: Macromolecules of Life
41 Practice Quiz Graphic Organizer
42 Lab Analysis Q’s Food Test Lab
43 Summary Notes: Hydrocarbons
44 Four Square Notes: Fuels of the Future
45
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Draw this on Page 44L Use up entire page Paste Notes on 44R
Quickwrite 3 Takeways on Video #1, and 2 (Global Warming)
3 Takeaways on Clip #3 (Biofuels) 3 Sentence Summary
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Unit 10: Nuclear Chemistry
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What will be the fuel of the future?
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Nuclear Energy?• Nuclear power plants use nuclear fission reactions
to generate electricity• The energy of the reaction heats water, which
turns a turbine, which generates electrical energy.
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Quickwrite: In 2 sentences explain what you see
Unstable Uranium
Plutonium may also be used
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Nuclear Fission • Fission – To split something• Nuclear fission is when a very heavy nucleus
splits into a smaller, more stable nucleus releasing tremendous amount of energy
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What will be the fuel of the future?
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Will it continue to be fossil fuels? Oh no, global warming!
• Sun radiation heats up earth.• Some of the radiation bounces
back into the atmosphere and is trapped by greenhouse gases (CO2, methane, water vapor)
• The more pollution caused by burning of fossil fuels, the CO2, the more radiation that is trapped in the atmosphere, the hotter our planet gets.
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Consequences of rising CO2
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Rising CO2 Unethical, not right?
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300 Years Of Fossil Fuels
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What will be the fuel of the future?
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Will it be Nuclear Fusion?• Fusion – When two things combine into one• Nuclear fusion is when two atomic nuclei fuse
into one new atom. • Example, two hydrogen nuclei combine to form
Helium, resulting in a burst of energy
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How is nuclear energy calculated?• When compounds react the mass of the
atoms is not the same as the end of the reaction.
• That’s is b/c the lost mass is converted into energy!
• Calculated by E = mc2
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Einstein’s Energy Equation
• E = energy (measured in Joules)
• m = mass (measured in kilograms)
• c = the speed of light, 3.0 x 108 m/s or 300,000,000
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Example 1• You have a 2 kg object. Calculate the amount
of energy that would be produced if you were to convert all of this mass into energy. (c = 3.0 x 108 m/s)
E = mc2
E= (2kg) (3.0 x 108 m/s)2
E = 1.8 x 1017 Joules
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Example 2• You have a 5 kg substance. How much energy
would be produced if this mass was converted to energy? (c = 3.0 x 108)
E = mc2
E= (5kg) (3.0 x 108 m/s)2
E = 4.5 x 1017 Joules
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What will be the fuel of the future?
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Biofuels? Cellulose?
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SUMMARIZE and work on REVIEW PACKETUse the following terms in your summary on 44L:• Fission• Fusion• Fossil Fuels • Biofuels • Einstein’s Equation
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Chem Catalyst: Chem HW: P6 ONLY:
Unit 7 Part of Packet due
MondayP1-5: Unit 7 will be done in class
TABLE OF CONTENTS:TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Contrast nuclear fission with nuclear fusion
Unit 9 and 10: Biochemistry, Nuclear Chem
Pg Left Right40 Table: Macromolecules Notes: Macromolecules of Life
41 Practice Quiz Graphic Organizer
42 Lab Analysis Q’s Food Test Lab
43 Summary Notes: Hydrocarbons
44 Four Square Notes: Fuels of the Future
45 Practice: Decay Notes: Radioactive Decay
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RADIOACTIVE DECAY
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Radioactive Decay• Unstable atoms breakdown• Radioactive Decay – The spontaneous
breakdown of the nucleus into a smaller nucleus, accompanied by the release of particles, radiation or both.
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What are the 3 types of radioactive decay?
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Alpha (α) Decay• Alpha Decay – When an atom splits its nucleus
into:1. A smaller nucleus and 2. A Helium atom (2 protons, 2 neutrons).
• Observed often in very heavy atoms• Alpha particles travel only a few cm in air• Paper blocks alpha particles
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Proton Number
Mass
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Alpha Radiation
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Beta (β) Decay• Some elements are unstable because their proton to
neutron ratio is too large.• Beta decay converts neutrons to protons and
releases an electron known as a beta particleneutron proton + β
• Travel a few meters in the air• Metals provide a shield against beta radiation.
Electron
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Beta Radiation
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Gamma (γ) Decay• Gamma rays are high energy waves that are
released when nucleus goes from high energy state to low energy.
• Gamma radiation is the most dangerous. It can lead to DNA mutations and cancers.
• Gamma radiation requires thick pieces of lead/concrete in order to stop.
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Gamma Radiation
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Radiation SummaryType of Radiation Description Blocked by?
Alpha (α)
Beta (β)
Gamma (γ)
The spitting of a nucleus into a smaller nucleus and a He atom (alpha particle
Converts a neutron to a proton and an electron
(beta particle)
High energy waves that are released by nucleus
Blocked by paper
Blocked by metals
Blocked by lead
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Example 1• Label the following decay as alpha, beta or
gamma decay43
19K 4320Ca + electron
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Example 2• Label the following decay as alpha, beta or
gamma decay210
84Po 20682Pb + 4
2He
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Example 3• Complete the following reaction if it
undergoes beta decay:14
7N ______ + _______
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More Practice 1. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay: 39
19K
2. Complete the reaction if it undergoes beta decay:3
1H
3. Complete for alpha decay:210
84Po
4. Complete for alpha decay:235
92U
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Chem Catalyst:Chem HW:
Study Unit 6-7 of Review Packet
TABLE OF CONTENTS:TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Alpha decay of uranium results in:235
92U Beta decay of uranium results in:235
92U
Unit 9 and 10: Biochemistry, Nuclear Chem
Pg Left Right40 Table: Macromolecules Notes: Macromolecules of Life
41 Practice Quiz Graphic Organizer
42 Lab Analysis Q’s Food Test Lab
43 Summary Notes: Hydrocarbons
44 Four Square Notes: Fuels of the Future
45 Practice: Decay Notes: Radioactive Decay
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Thurs/Friday:
• Phet Simulation • Packet Review, Unit 7 Stamp needed by the
end of today