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CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENT WITH
COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
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WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
• Communication is the process by which one individual expresses ideas, feelings, opinions, or messages to others and receives and understands ideas, feelings, opinions, or messages from others. • Language is a rule-governed system of arbitrary
symbols that stand for meaning. • Speech is the physical production of that system.
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WHAT ARE THE FOUR SPEECH SYSTEMS?
• Respiration - the breathing that supports speech • Voicing - the sound powered by the vocal
folds/chords • Resonance - the means by which sound is changed as
it travels through the cavities of the neck and head• Articulation - the formation of speech sounds by the
lips, tongue, and other structures
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WHAT IS THE IDEA 0F DEFINITION?
• A speech or language impairment is a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, which adversely affects a child’s educational performance.
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WHAT IS DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS?
• A speech disorder is an impairment of the articulation of speech sound, fluency, or voice.• A language disorder is an impairment or the deviant
development of comprehension and/or use of a spoken, written, and/or other symbol system. It may involve 1) the form of language, 2) the content of language, and/or 3) the function of language in communication in any combination.
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WHAT IS A SECONDARY LANGUAGE DISORDER?
• Some children may have difficulty learning and using spoken language as a result of another disability, such as an intellectual disability, an emotional or behavioral disorder, a learning disability, or an autism spectrum disorder.
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WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS?
• Language Disorders• Functional and nonorganic• Biological• Environmental factors can increase risk.
• Speech Disorders• Structural malformations in or around the mouth• Functional causes• Interacting organic and functional• Neurological damage and psychological factors
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WHAT ARE POSSIBLE CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WITH LANGUAGE DISORDERS?
• Primary Language Disorder• Problems with one or several components of
language• Phonological disorder – using phonological
processes, rules that simplify adult speech forms, beyond the normal period of using these processes • Morphological disorder – omission or misuse of
specific morphemes beyond the normal age to do so
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WHAT ARE POSSIBLE CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WITH LANGUAGE DISORDERS?
• Semantic Disorder – difficulties in vocabulary, retrieving a word when it is needed, or multiple meanings and figurative language • Pragmatics disorder – significant difficulties
fitting into social settings due to difficulties in language use• Secondary Language Disorder - generally influenced
by cognitive abilities or by the underlying syndrome
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WHAT ARE POSSIBLE CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WITH SPEECH DISORDERS?
• A voice disorder is the atypical production of voice quality, pitch, and/or loudness. • An articulation disorder is the atypical production
of speech sounds. • A fluency disorder is the atypical flow of verbal
expression, characterized by impaired rate and rhythm, such as stuttering.
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HOW ARE STUDENTS WITH LANGUAGE DISORDERS IDENTIFIED?• Speech-language pathologists (SLP) rely on
standardized, norm-referenced tests etc.• A family history • Observational checklists and teacher reports • Interviews with the student, as appropriate • Language sample, which is an analysis made of
elicited conversational speech
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HOW ARE STUDENTS WITH SPEECH DISORDERS IDENTIFIED?• Articulation test – the evaluation of child’s ability to
produce speech sounds in isolation, words, sentences, and spontaneous speech • Fluency evaluation• Voice evaluation• Hearing test • Case history • Samples of the child’s work
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WHAT ARE CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTIONAL ENVIRONMENT?• Provide space• Clearly define areas• Vary materials• Present authentic settings• Encourage interaction and communication• Plan for heterogeneous groupings• Implement community instruction
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WHAT TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY CAN BE USED?
• Augmentative and alternative communication
• Picture or word boards
• Voice output communication
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WHAT ARE SOME CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE GENERAL EDUCATION TEACHER?
• Most students with speech/language disorders are served in general education classrooms.• Collaboration with other professionals is key.• Involve families.• Encourage peer interaction.• Model correct speech.• Provide a motivating environment.
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