Characteristics of the 19th century:

★Expansion of Liberal ideas (freedom of speech, freedom of press, constitutions, parliaments, political parties…)

★Bourgeois Revolutions (1820, 1830, 1848)★Nationalism:

○ Creation of New Nations ( Greece, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania…)

○ Division of Empires★Creation of Great Empires (Austro-Hungarian Empire,

Russian Empire, French Empire, Germany, Ottoman Empire)

★Democracy (universal suffrage) (sufragio universal)★ Industrialization★Worker’s Movement★Colonialism★Art:

○ Neoclassicism (David, Ingres…)○ Romanticism (Delacroix, Géricault…)○ Realism (Courbet, Corot…)

○ Impressionism (Monet, Renoir, Degas, Pisarro, Sisley)