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Unit 3Chapters 6, 7, 8, and 9
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Electronic structure of atoms:
Electromagnetic Radiation:
Chapter 6: The electronic structure of atoms
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Yellow light has a wavelength of 589 nm. What is the frequency of this radiation?
Example Problem
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E = hv
Calculate the energy of one photon of yellow light with a wavelength of 589 nm.
Light and Energy
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Electron Configuration
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Condensed Electron Configurations
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Electron Configuration of Ions
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1) Which of the following pairs are isoelectronic?
a) Kr-, Br+
b) F-, Na+
c) Sc, Ti-
d) Be2+, Nee) Cs, Ba2+
Example Problems
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2) Which of the following electron configurations represents an atom in an excited state?
a) 1s22s22p5
b) 1s22s22p53s2
c) 1s22s22p63s1
d) 1s22s22p63s23p5
e) 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
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The periodic table:
Chapter 7: Periodic Properties of Elements
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Effective Nuclear Charge
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Sizes of Atoms and Ions
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Ionization Energy
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Electron Affinity
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Which of the following properties generally decreases from left to right across a period?
(A) Electronegativity
(B) Electron affinity
(C) Atomic number
(D) Atomic Radius
(E) Maximum value of oxidation number
Example Problems
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Which of the following explains why the Cl- ion is smaller than the S2- ion.
(A) Cl- has a more massive nucleus than S2-
(B) Cl- has a higer electronegativity than S2-
(C) Cl- has a greater nuclear charge than S2-
(D) Cl- has a greater number of electrons than S2-
(E) Cl- has more nucleons than S2-
`
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Chemical Bonds
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Lewis Symbols
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Octet Rule
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Ionic Bonding
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Lattice Energy
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Covalent Bonding
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Drawing Lewis Structures
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Bond Length
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Polar and Non-polar bonds
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Some molecules have more than one possible correct Lewis structure.
Lewis Structures Cont.
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Resonance Structures
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Exceptions to the octet rule
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Strengths of Covalent Bonds
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Chapter 9: Molecular Geometry
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Molecular Shapes and Polarity
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Which of the following molecules has the shortest bond length?
(A) N2
(B) O2
(C) Cl2
(D) Br2
(E) I2
Example Problems
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Which of the following molecules is non-polar?
(A) HCN
(B) NH3
(C) SO2
(D) NO2
(E) PF5
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Of the following compounds which is most ionic?
(A) SiCl4
(B) BrCl
(C) PCl3
(D) Cl2O
(E) CaCl2