Europe Expands Overseas
Chapter 19-bju PressPEP NKY
Imperialism Definition:
Extension of power by one people or country over another country
Industrialized nations sought new overseas territories as sources for▪ Raw materials for their factories▪ Markets for their industrial goods▪ Empires to symbolize their power and glory▪ Economic and political movement▪ Provided opportunity for missionary outreach▪ Great Commission: “Go ye into all the world, and
preach the gospel to every creature” (Mark 16:15)
Chapter 19 Imperialism http://youtu.be/alJaltUmrGo
With, you guessed it, John Green (skip open letter)
Things to make note of (yes, on a piece of paper) What did the British offer the Chinese in trade that created
a lot of drug addicts?▪ Opium-1830s British free trade policy unleased a flood of the drug on China
Then the Chinese threatened to cut off trade in?▪ Rhubarb, silk, and tea-Chinese produced without which foreigners could not
live! What happened to the monkeys?!▪ Nothing-do not strap fireworks to the back of monkeys!
What was the result of the Treaty of Nanjing?▪ Britain got Hong Kong and five other treaty ports, and equivalent of
$2 billion in cash What does prolific mean?▪ Abundant, a lot of
Africa: The Dark Continent Why is Africa called the “Dark Continent?”
Mysterious to Europeans Did not have Christ
Africa is the ________ largest continent Second
________ % of the world’s population lives in Africa. Thirteen
_________ % Africa’s land is desert. Forty
Africa-European Colonization
Africa after W.W. I
African colonization Europeans wanted colonies to get what?
Sources of raw materials-cotton, copper, iron, rubber-used in industrialization
Why did Europeans not take over Africa until the last 19th century? Africans were not devastated by diseases like smallpox because had it
and were immune Africa had its own diseases-yellow fever, malaria, sleeping sickness Nagana killed horses No horses-no transportation What allowed European to conquer Africa?▪ Technology▪ Steamship▪ Quinine-anti-malaria drug▪ Guns!▪ Maxim machine gun
European imperialism involved? A lot of fighting and dying
Fighting & Dying? Pirates? Kings?
Imperialist leaders pirates?
Heads of European states pirates in disguise?
Gilbert & Sullivan: Pirates of Penzance https://youtu.be/q2j90qg_5_w
Satire? Sinks more ships that a
real monarch ought to do?
Religion in Africa-European Missionaries
Portuguese Catholic priests-Central Africa-16th-18th centuries
British and American evangelical Protestant missionary movements-18th-19th centuries David Livingstone, 1813-1873▪ https://youtu.be/fY2gr7h6OlU - 3 points
Helped to end the slave trade Moderated effects of colonial greed that had
exploited African resources Promoted development of native Christian
churches
Samuel Adjai Crowther,1807-1891
Family in the Yoruba country on the Niger River
1821-slave traders attacked village
Killed his father and took Adjai, his mother, 2 sisters prisoner
Adjai put on Portuguese slave ship Two British warships stopped the slave ship
before leaving Africa-freed slaves British took Adjai to Liberia-missionary took care
of him Adjai became a Christian and changed name to
Samuel Adjai Crowther
US-geographic & political expansion
American expanse westward What was the purchase President
Thomas Jefferson made in 1803 that added more than 800,000 square miles of French territory to the U.S.? Louisiana Purchase Bought from whom?▪ Napoleon
For how much?▪ $15 million
US Expansion How did the US expand its borders from the Atlantic
to the Pacific? Settlement Purchase War
What additional territory was added in 1867? Alaska
Who did the US buy it from? Russia
By the end of the 19th century, the US also controlled? Hawaii Cuba Puerto Rico The Philippines
US Expansion
Isolation? US tradition? In 1823 President James Monroe
instituted the ______ Doctrine. Monroe
What did it mean? Policy of neutrality and isolation from European
politics America not interested in “entangling alliances” What did Monroe say about N. and S. America?▪ US would regard any attempt by Europe to extend her
control “to any portion of this [Western] hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety.
What did Monroe promise Europe?▪ US would not interfere in European affairs
The Monroe Doctrine challenged By whom?
French emperor Napoleon III Wanted empire in New World Sent French troops into Mexico Named Austrian archduke Maximilian in charge of Mexico
(Maximilian I of Mexico) Infringement of Monroe Doctrine What did the US not respond?▪ Middle of Civil War▪ Dates?▪ 1861-65
▪ After war over, what happened?▪ American army on Mexican border, forced Napoleon III to withdraw his troops▪ What happened to Maximilian?
Captured and executed by Mexican forces in 1867 gave his executioners a portion of gold not to shoot him in the head so that his
mother could see his face.
Cuba What happened in 1898 in Havana Harbor?
Battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded Killed 268 (book says 260)American sailors
Who did the U.S. blame? Spain
▪ http://ezproxy.bcpl.org:2048/login?url=http://avod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=104125&xtid=8334&loid=13090
What happened as a result? U.S. Congress declared war and sent troops to Cuba
What happened as a result of this action? Spanish-American war:
▪ Spain gave US Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines▪ Battle of Manila Bay▪ http://ezproxy.bcpl.org:2048/login?url=http://
avod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=104125&xtid=8334&loid=13090 What was the Roosevelt Corollary?
President Theodore Roosevelt US claimed right to intervene in any Latin American country
Spanish-American War-Media Made?
First Media War Spain-worldwide empire-high point late
1700 1898- losing areas frequently Cuba too hard to govern-minor
revolution breaks out Bad news for Americans who owned
Cuban sugar, tobacco and iron market homes valued at over $50 million (worth ca. $1.2 billion today)
Enter the newspapers!
"If it bleeds, it leads"
Yellow Journalism-1890s+
Newspapers – Make News!/Fake News?/Lies? Sensationalized & manufactured dramatic events Melodrama Romance Hyperbole
Joseph Pulitzer, 1847-1911 William Randolph Hearst, 1863-1951 Cuba-Hearst's star reporters ordered to write stories designed
to tug at the heartstrings of Americans female prisoners, executions, valiant rebels fighting, starving women
and children , Spanish cannibalism, inhumane torture Created a war with Cuba would sell papers & give Hearst power sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor that gave Hearst his big story no evidence that Spain responsible for sinking Newspapers blamed the Spanish Moved U.S. public opinion to demand intervention/retaliation
Yellow Journalism-Hearst vs Pulitzer
Spanish American War, 1898
Who was president of the United States at this time?William McKinley (1843-1901) – 25th president of the United States-Republican candidate for president in 1896, he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan
Spanish American War causalities
Army grew from 28,000 to 275,000 What killed more American soldiers than
battle? 6 dead from disease (typhoid) for every 1
killed in battle or died of his wounds
Disease!
Europeans in the South Pacific
Australia and New Zealand – exploration
First European settlers were? Convicts Britain had sent convicts to penal colonies
in the US before the war-where?▪ Georgia (North America)
Were the Australian convicts dangerous criminals?▪ Imprisoned for either minor crimes or debt
Australia-The Land Down Under European name-Australia is on opposite side of earth from
Europe and North America Southern Hemisphere
Seasons are?▪ Opposite to the Northern Hemisphere
Kangaroos Koalas Tasmanian devils
https://youtu.be/c54SvkgQ04A Aborigines
“Those who are from the beginning”
Original inhabitants of Australia
Traded with Indonesians-not isolated
Aborigines Originally 500 different clans Hunter-gathers 200-250 different languages Did not always know about each other Common belief
Land was sacred Most sacred site Uluru or Ayers Rock in central
Australia Believe that the right to use land and a duty to care for
and preserve that land Storytelling▪ Dreamtime stories—time before time▪ https://youtu.be/jg1TEzn7Fyk - Didgeridoo
Uluru or Ayers RockLarge sandstone rock formation in the southern part of the Northern Territory-central. 208 mi. south west of the nearest large town, Alice Springs.
Aborigines Survived using available natural resources Invented unique tools Ate many things
Moths▪ Roasted: Sifted them in a net to remove heads, legs, wings-roasted
bodies in sand before eating▪ Moth cake: mashed into a paste and baked
Grubs▪ Raw or cooked in ashes
Ants Termites Honeybees Cockroaches Caterpillars
Arrival of Europeans Dislodged aborigines from ancestral lands
Shrinking areas-hardly any place for them Recently Australian government recognize
aboriginal claims Who were the Europeans who came to
Australia? 1770-Capt. James COOK took possession of the
east coast in the name of Great Britain All of Australia claimed as British territory in
1829 Commonwealth of Australia in 1901
Australian Continent-Facts Smallest and flattest continent Driest inhabited continent
Average annual rainfall only 17 inches Last continent to be settled by Europeans
Americans voting on the U.S. Constitution same year Most sparsely populated Only continent united under one national flag Island Only inhabited continent with no land bridge to
another continent Only continent except Antarctica completely in
Southern Hemisphere Warmer in the north than the south
Animals
Exotic animals not found elsewhere▪ Kangaroos▪ Small muskrat▪ Giant red-taller than a man-Hops 30 miles an hour▪ word comes from aboriginal language Guugu
Yimithirr-gangurru▪ First recorded as "kangooroo or kanguru" on 4 August
1770, by Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook on the banks of the Endeavour River at the site of modern Cooktown, when HM Bark Endeavour was beached for almost seven weeks to repair damage sustained on the Great Barrier Reef
Birds http://youtu.be/S0ZbykXlg6Q What is it?
Kookaburra Large and noisy bird Lives in Australia, Tasmania, New Guinea East large insects, small reptiles,
amphibians Doesn’t drink any water Get it from food
Birds that cannot fly?
Ostriches World’s largest birds
Emus World’s second
largest birds Cassowarys
World’s thirdlargest birds
What is it? Freshwater mammal Lays eggs Tail like a beaver Bill and webbed feet like a duck Streamlined body like an otter Spur on both hind legs injects venom into its
victims Stores food in cheek pouches Last clue!~Lives in lakes and rives on the
east coast of Australia Platypus!!!
New Zealand First white settlers on the New Zealand islands?
Escaped convicts from Australia and deserters from British ships
Before them-brown-skinned people settled Maori from Polynesia Aborigines from Asia - a darker race in Australia Maori more warlike and resisted European advance Sometimes ate defeated foes 9.7% of New Zealand’s population
Imperialism in India
Britain takes over India Power to the British East India
Company Old Charter-company protected Indian
religious practices▪ Thuggee-Indian caste robbed, strangled,
hacked apart, buried unsuspecting victims▪ Act of worship to goddess Bhavani (Kali)▪ What English word do we get from this?
Thug
Imperialism in India Religious practices
Suttee▪ Widow throws herself on dead husband’s funeral pyre▪ Sanskrit sati (“good woman” or “chaste wife”)
Custom-suspend person by hooks in the tendons of his back▪ Offering to the gods
In 1813, British East India Co. adopted new charter▪ Help missionaries to get rid of heathen practices▪ Imposed Western ways on Indian society▪ What do you think happened because of this?
India-Sepoy Mutiny or Indian Rebellion
Sepoys were? Native Indian troops of the East India Co.
What happened in 1857? Rifle cartridges introduced▪ What did a soldier have to do to a cartridge to use it?▪ Bite off the end
Greased with sheep fat to keep powder dry▪ Rumors spread-said what?▪ Greased was from cows and pigs▪ Why was this an problem?
Cows sacred to Hindus Pigs unclean for Muslims https://youtu.be/MV0fYMIvtyU
South Africa Who were the first
Europeans to settle South Africa? Dutch
What colony did they establish on the southern tip of Africa? Cape Town
What were the Dutch colonists called and what does it mean? Boers – Farmers Boers also known as Afrikaners
Boer War (1899-1902)Britain vs White settlersin South Africa What was discovered in 1867?
Diamonds and gold https://youtu.be/L-9sd5Q_ifQ First and only war-both sides used
bicycles
Boer War Deaths
What killed more British troops than combat? 10 British troops died of disease for each
1 who died in combat or from combat-related wounds
DISEASE!
British Concentration Camps British put ¼ of Boer population in
concentration camps 26, 370 women and children died of
disease in the camps
Emily Hobhouse (1860-1926), an English philanthropist and social worker who tried to improve the plight of women and
children in the camps, obtains permission to visit concentration camps.https://
www.awesomestories.com/asset/view/Boer-War-Concentration-Camps
Some people in town still assert that the Camp is a haven of bliss. I was at the camp to-day, and just in one little corner this is the sort of thing I found – The nurse, underfed and overworked, just sinking on to her bed, hardly able to hold herself up, after coping with some thirty typhoid and other patients, with only the untrained help of two Boer girls–cooking as well as nursing to do herself. Next tent, a six months' baby gasping its life out on is mother's knee. Two or three others drooping sick in that tent.Next, a girl of twenty-one lay dying on a stretcher. The father, a big, gentle Boer kneeling beside her; while, next tent, his wife was watching a child of six, also dying, and one of about five drooping. Already this couple had lost three children in the hospital …
Starvation, measles, bronchitis, pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid, neglectLizzie van Zyl (c. 1894 – 9 May 1901), daughter of a Boer combatant
who refused to surrender., died at a camp. Girl treated harshly and placed on the lowest rations. After a month, she was moved to the new hospital outside of the concentration camp, suffering from starvation. Unable to speak English, she was labelled an "idiot" by the hospital staff. Calling for her mother Afrikaner woman, Mrs Botha, tried to comfort her, but "was brusquely interrupted by one of the nurses who told her not to interfere with the child as she was a nuisance."
Results of Imperialism Negatives
Exploitation of people and wealth in overseas empires▪ Greedy officials and merchants=personal fortunes▪ Abused native peoples
Divided Africa and ignored ancient tribal boundaries▪ Produced strife – opposing tribes grouped together
or split apart under different European countries Europeans did not respect native cultures▪ Africans and Asians resented Western culture
Results of Imperialism Positives
Governments built public buildings, roads, railroads
Supported democratic government ▪ Bureaucracy to administer it▪ Brought civil order and civil services▪ Missionary outreach▪ Political and social equality through Christianity▪ Schools, colleges, hospitals
Quiz-Were you paying attention?
1. In 1823 President James Monroe instituted the ______ Doctrine. Monroe
2. What happened in 1898 in Havana Harbor? Battleship U.S.S. Maine exploded
3. What does Aborigine mean? Those who are from the beginning
4. What happened in 1857 in India? Sepoy Mutiny
5. What land acquisition doubled the size of the US in 1803? Louisiana Purchase
6. The Spanish-American Was resulted from Spain’s mistreatment of which country? Cuba – Italy – Puerto Rico-Guam - Philippines
Cuba7. Where did the British put Boer/Affrikaner women and children?
Concentration camps
Quiz Review The ___________ purchase doubled the size
of the U.S. Louisiana
Europe expanded in the 19th century because they wanted? Sources of raw materials for industry New markets for goods Nationalism and pride sought overseas empires They did NOT want to spread ideas of monarchy
and feudalism
Quiz Review Spanish-American War came from Spain
mistreating what country? Cuba
Australia’s original settlers were? Convicts
Who declared Brazil independent and became its emperor? Dom Pedro
Boxer Rebellion occurred because Chinese wanted to get rid of Western influence
Japan’s first treaty with a Western nation? Treaty of Kanagawa
Quiz Review
1. The Foreign Legion came from what country? France https://youtu.be/gi3ggH1s-sM
2. Frontier states in the US did NOT enter the union on an equal basis with the original colonies? T or F
F, they did3. Latin American countries were politically unstable
after becoming independent? T or F T, many problems
4. Japan lost to China in the Sino-Japanese war and Japan was forced to grant more grade concessions to the West. T or F
F, they did not