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Chapter Three
Ethical Public Speaking
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Chapter Three
Table of ContentsEthical Speaking and ResponsibilityValues: The Foundation of Ethical
SpeakingGround Rules for Ethical SpeakingPlagiarism*
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Ethical Speaking and Responsibility
Ethics: The study of moral conduct, or how
people should act toward one another In public speaking, the responsibilities
speakers have toward their audience and themselves*
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Ethical Speaking and Responsibility
Ethics, Ethos, and Speaker CredibilityFree Speech and the Speaker’s
Responsibility*
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Ethical Speaking and Responsibility:
Ethics, Ethos, and Speaker Credibility
Ethos A Greek word
meaning character, from which the modern word ethics is derived
Positive Ethos Competence Good moral
character Goodwill*
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Ethical Speaking and Responsibility:
Ethics, Ethos, and Speaker Credibility
Speaker credibility The believability of
speakers, based on their grasp of the subject, display of sound reasoning skills, degree of honesty, and genuine interest in the welfare of their listeners*
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Ethical Speaking and Responsibility:
Free Speech and the Speaker’s Responsibility
The First Amendment guarantees freedom of speech.
The Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law, including freedom from discrimination.
Finding a balance between the right of free expression and the right to freedom from discrimination can be a challenge when giving a speech.*
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Ethical Speaking and Responsibility:
Free Speech and the Speaker’s Responsibility
Currently, free speech, or the right to be free from unreasonable constraints on expression, is nearly always protected—even when the targets of that speech claim that it infringes upon the Fourteenth Amendment.*
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Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking
Values: People’s most enduring judgments or
standards of what’s good, bad, and important; they form the basis on which people judge the actions of others
Values are culturally determined and transmitted through key social institutions such as the family, schools, and religious organizations.*
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Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking
Value Conflicts and Ethical DilemmasRecognizing and Respecting
Listener’s Values*
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Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking:
Value Conflicts and Ethical Dilemmas
Conflicting values lie at the heart of ethical dilemmas. The more diverse the society, the
greater these clashes tend to be.Recognizing audience values is very
important for a speaker.*
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Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking:
Recognizing and Respecting Listeners’ Values
Successful speeches appeal to listeners’ values, while speeches that ignore this crucial component of audience analysis often fail miserably. Try to identify your listeners’ values,
attitudes, and beliefs as they relate to the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.*
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Values: The Foundation of Ethical Speaking:
Respecting Listeners’ Values
Identifying values Use surveys and interviews Conduct a values assessment, using Milton Rokeach’s model
Terminal values Desirable in themselves
Instrumental values Characteristics people possess.*
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Ground Rules for Ethical Speaking
Dignity Feeling worthy, honored, or respected
Integrity Incorruptibility
Dignity and integrity should infuse every aspect of a speech.*
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Ground Rules for Ethical Speaking
Trustworthiness
RespectResponsibilityFairness*
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Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking: Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness A combination of honesty and
dependabilityReveal your true purpose.Avoid misleading, deceptive, or false information.
Acknowledge sources.*
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Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking:
Respect
Respect Addressing audience members as unique
human beingsA respectful public speaker:
Focuses on issues rather than personalities. Allows the audience the power of rational
choice. Avoids in-group and out-group distinctions.*
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Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking:
Respect
Jargon Specialized
terminologyEthnocentrism
The belief that the ways of one’s own culture are superior to those of other cultures*
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Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking:
Respect
Stereotypes Generalizations about an apparent
characteristic of a group that are applied to all its members
Hate Speech Offensive communication directed
against people’s racial, ethnic, religious, gender, sexual, or other characteristics*
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Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking:
Responsibility
The responsible speaker considers the following: Topic and purpose Evidence and
reasoning Accuracy Honest use of
emotional appeals*
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Ground Rules For Ethical Speaking:
Fairness
Fairness A genuine and
open-minded attempt to see all sides of an issue*
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Plagiarism
Plagiarism The use of other people’s ideas or
words without acknowledging the source
Any source that requires credit in written form should be acknowledged in oral form.*
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Plagiarism
Direct QuotationsParaphrased
Information*
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Plagiarism:
Direct Quotations
Direct quotations Statements made verbatim (word
for word) by someone else*
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Plagiarism:
Paraphrased Information
Paraphrase A restatement of someone else’s
statements, ideas, or written work in the speaker’s own words*
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Plagiarism:
Paraphrased Information
Any data other than that gathered by you should be cited.*