CHAPTER -III
PROFILE OF NASHIK DISTRICT
3.1 Historical Background
3.2 Geographical Information
3.3About Nashik
3.40ccupational structure in Nashik
3.5 Population Density of Nashik
3.6 Map of Nashik District
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CHAPTER - i n
PROFILE OF NASHIK DISTRICT
Introduction :-As other districts of Maharashtra has some famous Historical places in the same manner.The
Nashik is known for pilgrimage village as historical evidence is very vast Rama stories are
there even pandvas were residing in Nashik so it has all evidences in every field. Historically
it is strong, ancient times it known for tribal belt of Sayadri Mountains socially, politically,
industrial and even it is called by name wine Hub. As we all know that now Nashik District is
called as wine capital of India.
3.1 Historical Background: According to archaeologists is is from 1500-lOOObc to 5000bc firstlyfrom ancient
period it was known bydifferent names like padmadnagar janasthan mugal renamed it as
Gulshanabad the Nashik got thename as its origin is story of Ramayana laxmana servered the
nose (Nashika) it is holy place and pilgrimage centre known for both rama (Nashik) shiva
(TRIMBAKESHWAR).the Nashik was reued by many rulers the Maratha regime occupied
key position i Nashik after Marathas it was ruled bymusulim and came under rule of british
inl818. At the time district was partly distributed in kandesh and ahmednagar. The great
leader virsarvarkar is from Nashik who revolt against British. During Britishers the Nashik
deolalicamp was head quarter training centre of defence even the airforce services were
rendered at the time of British regime.
In the post independence Nashik develop as one of leading district of Maharashtra.
Development in occupation has increased as agriculture to nearby market so development
boosted for industry Nashik is industrialist and agriculturist dietrict of Maharashtra
developing very fast.
Nashik city has its own personality due to its mythological, historical, social and
cultural importance. The city is situated on the banks of the Godavari River. Nashik is also
know as " Kashi of South " due to it's historical and mythological significance. Nashik was
inhabited since Stone Age as discovered by archeologists. Later Aryan sage Agastv stayed at
Nashik on the banks of river Godavari. Lord Ram and Sita spent considerable time at Nashik.
Nashik was then known as Padmapur. Pandavas also spent some years at Nashik. During
A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 62
Mogal rule, Nashik district was known as "Gulshanabad". In 1751, it was named as
"Nashik". The famous Kumbha Mela is held after every 12 years at Nashik. Nashik is also
famous for the Annual Fair of Infant Jesus. Nashik is also known for holy place. The holy
place like Tryambakeshwar and Goddess Saptashrungi fort is in Nashik district. The biggest
Govt, organizations like Hindustan Aeronautical Ltd., Air Force Station, Artillery Centre,
Currency Note Press, Indian Security Press and Eklahare Thermal Power Station are located
in Nashik District.
In 1980's Nashik chapter of MIDC was setup by Government for developing
industrial zones in Nahisk. Climatic condition and geographical location of Nahisk has been
very helpful for development of various industries in Nashik. For Industrial development of
Mahai-ashatra, Government of Maharashatra had formed an organization called "MIDC"
(Maharashatra Industrial Development Corporation) in August 1962. Aim of this
organization was to set and provide basic infrastructure facilities for all industries at
minimum affordable rates in all districts of Maharashatra. Some people of Nashik shared this
dream and started working towards the industrialization of Nashik. These people were mostly
those who had participated in the freedom struggle. Initiative and efforts of such people
resulted in the Government acceptance of the proposal for an industrial estate in Nashik.
First industrial estate NICE (Nashik Industrial Co-operative Estate) was formed in
the co-operative sector in 1962. In the same year, Maharashtra State government also
responded by declaring MIDC (Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation). Industrial
Estate is at Satpur village, 7 km from Nasik. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited established unit
for production of MIG fighters at Ozar, a village 20 km from Nasik. This production facility
in public sector was established in collaboration with the then U.S.S.Rin 1964. In 1967
SICOM (State Investment Corporation of Maharashtra) adapted Nasik as its growth centre.
All these events brought Nasik on the industrial map of India. Forming an industrial estate
was one thing and attracting investments another. NICE had to undertake the arduous task of
attracting entrepreneurs. Local residents, traders and professionals, having no experience in
industrial production were convinced and pursued to put money in new ventures. In 1960
Satpur was a small village without even a post office, telephone or electricity. Constructing
buildings, roads and other infrastructure proved a Herculean task for the pioneering
entrepreneurs. Next on the agenda of NICE was an effort to attract large private sector
investment preferably with international collaboration. NICE was rewarded in its efforts
when MICO (German multinational) and ABB (Swedish multinational) established their
production units. The industry that came to Nasik was mostly engineering, electrical and
A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 63
pharmaceutical.Thermal power plant at Eklahra near Nasik Road greatly contributed to the
power demand of industries.
The success of Satpur MIDC creates demand for additional Industrial plots. In 1980
MIDC declared second industrial estate at Ambad, a village located on Mumbai-Nasik road,
10 km from Nasik. All plots in this industrial area are occupied today. NICE has also
developed special plots for Women's co-operative and a building with small workshops for
women entrepreneurs. Special premises are also donated for the training and production
facilities for mentally handicapped persons. Co-operation and support of industry to various
local welfare institutes has given a boost to many social schemes.
Success of NICE and NIMA (Nasik Industrial Manufacturers Association) at Satpur and
Ambad was repeated at Sinnar, a small town 22 km from Nasik. A co-operative industrial
estate developed by local initiative in 1982 was followed by formation of MIDC Industrial
area at Sinnar in 1988. This area is in the process of development. Additional Sinnar area is
being developed as a Mega Industrial estate with state of the art facilities. Trans-national
industrial companies are invited to locate their production centres here. Global, experienced
development agencies are also invited to plan and execute the project. Residential township
will be developed along with this. Sinnar was once famous for its Bidies (type of hand rolled
tobacco stick).
Today it is planning for the future high tech industries. Now other industrial areas
arc also added. Nashik today is one of the fastest growing cities of India and has even been
identified as a tier-2 metro. The city's economy is driven chiefly by the engineering and
manufacturing industry (which has been around since the seventies) as well as the
progressive agriculture in area surrounding the city.
Few Successful Projects within MIDC area:
*) Mahindra & Mahindra
*)MICO( Bosch)
*) Crompton Ltd.
*) Siemens Ltd.
*) Jindal Polyfilms
*) Jindal Saw pipes Ltd.
*) Atlas Copco Ltd.
*) Glaxo Smithkline Pharma Ltd.
*) Graphite Vicarb Ltd.
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*) Schneider Electricals.
*) Kirloskar Oil Engines Ltd.
*)Ventura Textile Ltd.
*) Jyoti Structures Ltd.
*) Mahindra Sona Ltd.
*) Blue Cross Lab Ltd.
*) Hindustan Hardy spicer Ltd.
*) Seagram Distillers Ltd.
*) WNS Systems
*) EPCOS India Ltd.
*) Indian Tools
*) Taparia Tools
*) Innova Rubber Ltd.
*) Reliable Group of Industries
*) McDowell Ltd.
*) Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd.
*) CEAT Ltd.
*) MATRIX Laboratories Ltd.
*)Kishco Cutlery Ltd.
*) C&M Hatcheries Ltd.
*) XLO India Ltd.
*)BCL Forging Ltd.
*) Gabriel Ltd.
*) SWIFTS Ltd.
*) ABB Ltd.
*) Perfect Circle Victor Ltd.
*) Amagic Holographic Systems ( Taiwanese Group)
And many more big projects
Since last 6-8 years, industrial development has picked up the speed, particularly after
declaration of a five-star mega industrial estate on 2700 ha. Land in Sinnar block.
Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation approves new industrial estate on Jun 20,
2013.Suresh Mali, the president of Ambad Industries & Manufacturers' Association (AIMA),
also supports this news.
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Now Nasik is an important city of Maharashtra, economically and socially the most highly
developed state in India. Geographical proximity to Mumbai (Economic capital of India) has
influenced its growth in post independence years. Developments of past two decades have
completely transformed this traditional pilgrimage centre into a vibrant modem metropolis
and Nasik is poised to become a metropolis with global links. New Nasik has come forward
out of the dreams, hard work and enterprising spirit of local and migrant people.
Development of multiple economic activities in and around Nasik has this common theme of
people's initiative and actions, spirit of constant learning and innovating through experiences
of regional, national and global sources and experimentation. The spirit of adventure can be
traced to the mythology of Lord Rama who chose the riverbanks of Godavari, the present
Nasik, as his home in exile. Nasik thus became a city of pilgrimage and acquired the status of
Benaras of South India.
3.2 Geographical/Physical Information
Physiography region is divided in to three divisions,
1 .Western Region - Tribal belt ( Surgana,peth,trimbakeshwar)
2 .Central Region- Baglan, Kalwan, Devla, Dindori
3 .Eastern Region- Malegoan, Nandgoan, Niphad
A) Western Rerion - In the western region the edge of sahyadri's decan plateau which covers
major part of tribal belt Surgana, Peth,Trinbakeshwar. The height of these ranges 200 to 600
m towards west and they are dissected valleys by streams flowing toward west.The forest
area lie in this part of the district it covers 3.20.668 hec which is 20.5% of the geophraphical
area.The talulas like peth surgana, kkalwan dindori igatpuri have maximum forest area
Teak,Sissov trees are found in this area.
B) Central Region- This area is covered by hills it ranges from north to east and west to east
direction from which include Baglan, Kalwan,devala, North it has chanwad, and dindori west
it has Nashik and south it has igatpuri .The hilly area of these ranges are towards north and
the height of these ranges are 1300 in west it decreases to 710 meter towards east near galan
fort.
C) east region- the height of this pleatue varies toward east from 400 to 600meters This area
covers 59% Malegoan, nandgoan, niphad, yelva, Trimbak-Anjaneri stretches toward east
from Nashik and igatpuri tahsils and even highest peak is in this region Kalsubai (1646
meter) it is higest in Maharashtra.
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3.3 About Nashik
3.3(a) Peaks in Nashik
There are famous peak like mangi-tungi (1331 meter altidue) it is one of the higest peak the
parallel range is Salher-Mular selbari pass which lies toward east. Sathmala-chanwad it lies
west to southeast having higest peak dhap (1451 meter), saptashring peak (1420 Meter) Indari
(1410) and chanwad (1217) in the south it has Ankia and tanki (960 meter) Higest peak of
Maharashtra it is in Nashik.
3.3 (b) Rivers in Nashik
There are three main river in Nashik Godavari, Girana, Vaitarana. The water is divided
between these rivers . The tgodvari and its tributaries flow towards the south the main two
rivers godvari and girina the tributaries of godvari river flow from satmala-chanvad ranges in
north darana flows to south the river Godavari is main important river in this part of study
region its origin is (12IOmeter) in Brahmagri it total length is 111 kilometer it covers 74
kilometer distance to dindori part of hilly and highly iriigated area.
3.3 (c) Soils
The soil isn very fertile and more or less it is uniform it has four types of soil Red, Brown,
Loam, Black,
(A) Red soil- exist in surgana,peth, trimbeakweshwar, igatpuri it is rich and organic soil.
(B) Loam soil- exist in hilly area dinsori,east part of trimbeakeswar,central eastern part of
Nashik, niphad, kalwan, baglan.
(C) Black soil- Mostly this type of soil id found near river of godvari bank .
(D) Yellow or Brown soil- south east part of Nashik ,chanvad, sinnar, nandgoan, yela,
malgeoan.
3.3 (d) Forest
Forest covers( 3343.5) squarekilometer and reserved forest (2,920.7 kilometer) and protected
forest (245,45 Sq kilometre) and unclosed forest (173.32 kilometer) The timber and fuel
wood covered forest area is (928.88)the study refion is sourounded by three ranges from east
to west the forest distribution is not uniform surgana occupies more than 40% of forest,
peithkalwan trimbakeshwar is also have 30-40% of fotest and hilly areas the tropical and
A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nasliik District 67
deciduous forest found in Baglan,Dindori,Nashik, Igatpuri Chanvad they have less than 10%
of forest.
3.3 (e) Climate
Climate of this region is divided in to again four types- , monsoon, post mosson winter,
summer. The maximum temp during year is 35 centigrated minium 180 centigrated the
maximum tempwtrature is found in april to June and lowest in July august minimum lowest in
December to January (7to 10 centigrate) this is coldest month .Post monsoon experience cold
in winter and dry in summer season.
3.3 (f) RainfaU
There is considerable varitiations in rainfall sometime it decreases from west to east and
mostly heavly rainfall in hilly regions that is tribal belt that is surgana, peth, trimbakeshwar
winds are generally modereate.
3.4 Occupational structure:
The important occupation of the district is agriculture more then 60% of the people
are changed in this. Other are engaed in live stock,forest fishing manufacturing after
agriculture industries have set nearby area and even Nashik is progressing in commerce and
trade.Sugarfactories as the sugar cane procided major impetus for the growth of agriculture
and due to this sugar industries cooperatives culture has been develop.
There are six sugar factories in the district. Even onions constitute major crop in and is
majorplace of trading for the domestic sale is done in lasalgaon Pimpalgaon market. The
lasalgaon is biggest treading house in Asia The grapes are exported from India re from
Nashik. 100 grape units which are exporting grapes and floriculture is very recent
development in Nashik districts.
3.5 Population density of Nashik:
The Population of Nashik has been increasing the census shows the increase in the
population 2001 the population was 4,993,76 and in 2011 Nashik had 6,107,187 the female
population 3,157,186 and male-2,950,001 that means population has increased by 29.66% to
its population census 1991 .
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Density of population is 393 people persqukm and average literacy rate of Nashik
compared to census 2001 it has shown an increase it was 74.36% in 2001 and in 2011 it
increased and it was 82.31% this is indication that people are having awareness for education
the rural population is 57.47%) and urban population it is 42.53%) which means rural
population should be paid more attention for development. As per 2001 census 24%o are of
tribal population among the block there are 9 blocks more than 90%) population is being rural
there are 6 blockwith more than 50%) of tribal population .kokana ,Mahadev koli, bhill,warli
thakur, katkari are leading tribes in the district. There are 13 blocks with more than 25%
works as agriculture labourer kalwan, devala,dondori, peth triambakwshwar.Nashik district
has 1373 gram panchayats total population of all grampanchyats was 3053446.
Sr.no
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Information about
population
Actual population
a) male
b) female
Area
Density/km2
Sex ratio(Pper 1000)
child
Average literacy rate
Male
female
Total child(pop0_-6)
Literacy rate
Male
female
2001
4,99,796
2,590,912
2,402,884
15,530
322
927
920
74.30
83.65
64.34
789,398
3,126,188
1,823,366
1,302,822
2011
6,107,187
3,157,186
2,950,001
15,530
393
934
890
83.31
88.17
76.08
827,935,
4,345,366
2,397,538
1,947,828
Table 3.1 Population of Nashik of two years 200 land 2011.
(Source: Nashik district census 2011)
From above table it is clear that population has increased from 2001 to 2011 and even male
and female ratio.the population density km2 has also shows increased the
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chidren sex ratio needs to be focus as it shows the rate declined.
In Nashik district cultivators the total cuhivators -7,47,243 out of this the male cultivators are
4,25,089 abd female cultivators- 3,22,154 and agicculture labourers are total-4,06,687 the
male labourers arel,95,579 and female agriculture labourers are 2,11,108 and even household
women number -35,127 it seems the number is comparatively low the paticicpant female are
more this data is according to 2001. According to district health service in Nashik numbers of
institutions are as follows. PHC-Public Health centre 75 rural we have 12 that is 5% civil
hospitals 30 private 21 . Adequate health service utilization rate is 64.7% the IMR-(infant
mortality rate)- 62.4 and malnutrition rate -27.0 and the report of women and child has given
statistist tha t in the district MMR(matemal mortality rate) 85.0(perlakh) PHC(Tribal)- 73
according to census 2011.
TRIBAL
TEHSIL
peth
develae
Nashik
surgana
igatpuri
kalwan
trimbakeshwar
chanvad
niphad
yelva
nandgoan
dindori
sinnar
baglan
malgeoan
% OF TOTAL
AREA
3.61
7.27
12.49
17.93
23.38
28.92
34.55
40.72
47.51
54.36
61.38
70.02
78.73
88.25
100.00
% OF TOTAL TRIBAL
POPULATION
7.53
9.23
20.30
31.82
39.05
48.17
57.08
60.17
66.85
68.64
70.90
82.54
85.51
94.49
100.00
3.2Table Cumulative percent Area and tribal population 2001
(Source: district census hand book 2001)
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Table below shows the concentration of tribal population in Nashik district it shows the %of
population concentration in each talukas of Nashik.It is clear that 5 block has more
concentration of tribal population ie peith, dindori, surgana,kalwan,triembakeshwar.
TAHSILS
Nashik
Peith
Dindori
Surgana
Kalwan
Baglan
Malegoan
Chanvad
Nandgoan
Yelva
Niphad
Sinnar
ligatpuri
Triembakeshwar
Devela
YEAR (2001)
0.41
3.88
2.20
3.96
2.75
1.44
0.35
0.75
0.48
0.38
0.76
0.51
1.58
3.26
0.69
3.3Table: tribal population concentration in Nashik district
(Source: district source hand book: Nashik 2001)
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3.6 Map of Nashik "TTT
NANOURBAR MAHARASHTRA
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MADHYA PRADESH
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- - - State Boundary - - Di4tfic!B<!und»ty t Stale CaiMts! • Oiitfic! Headquarter
Source: map India
The above map shows the district in Maharashtra the Nashik district is shown in the above
map
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Talukas of Nashik district
'< _/v-
rfi SATANA
SURGANA KALMN \
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TRIMBAK
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NASHIK
SINNAR
IGATPURI Tii Source: Offical website of Nashik District .htm
A study of the socio-economic empowerment of Tribal women in Nashik District 73