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CHAPTER 9 – WATER & OUR WORLD
9.1 – Exploring the Deep
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Exploring the Deep• SCUBA (Self Contained
Underwater Breathing Apparatus)
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Exploring the Deep• Newt Suit – pressurized
suit that allows divers to go down to depths of more than 300m
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Beneath the Surface
• Nautile
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From The SurfaceSonar (Sound NAvigation
and Ranging)
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Oceans from Above
Aerial Photography and satellite imaging can provide us with information
• Shoreline movement
• Pollution
• Hurricanes and tropical storms
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9.2 – Oil: Wealth from the Ocean
Floor
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OILWhat is It?
Oil is the liquefied remains of organisms that lived millions of
years ago
Oil deposits lie deep under layers of rock
and beneath the ocean floor
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Drilling for Oil• Offshore drilling wells
are used to reach oil deposits deep under the ocean surface
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Oil Spills• Oil spills are a major
threat to the environment
• Oil spills happen from either extraction or transportation
• Over the last 30 years, most of the oil has been from tanker accidents
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Oil Spills• Some oil settles on the
ocean bottom
• Some evaporates
• Some is dispersed at sea
• Most washes up on the nearby coast
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Ecosystem Effects• Birds-feathers and
ingestion
• Other animals are either poisoned or die from eating oiled animals
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Exxon Valdez
• 40 863 000 L of oil spilled
• 22 orcas
• 250 bald eagles
• 300 harbour seals
• 2800 sea otters
• 250 000 birds
• Billions of fish eggs
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=E02DAFB2-6F70-4AC3-961B-F7659291B441&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=24E13239-7B72-4D62-9B84-70D4A3CEE511&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
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9.4 - Biodiversity
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Biodiversity
• A measure of the number of different organisms in an area
• Some marine ecosystems have greater biodiversity than others
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Biodiversity in Marine Ecosystems• Continental shelves
• Estuaries
• Marshes
• Abyssal plain
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Adapted For Survival
• All organisms adapt in life under specific conditions and can only accept minor changes to the environment
• For example most marine life would die if placed in fresh water
• Why do Estuaries make it difficult for organiam to live?
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What organisms seems to have adapted the best? Why
What organism seems to have limited adapatations? Why
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Benefits to Biodiversity•The more diverse an ecosystem is
the more easily it can withstand change
•An ecosystem with little diversity is fragile (weak) and any change will greatly affect all organisms in that ecosystem.
•If one organism is introduced and if one disappears from this weak ecosystem.