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Chapter 7 Cardiac Emergencies
and CPR
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Cardiovascular disease-#1 killer Coronary Heart (artery) disease
*when the arteries that supply blood to the heart harden and become narrow.
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Signs and Symptoms of a heart attack.
• Chest pain-crushing sensation
• Pressure in chest
• Constant pain or discomfort
• Pain spread to shoulder, arm, neck, jaw, stomach or back
• Trouble breathing
• Pale, gray or ashen skin color
• Dizzy and lightheaded
• Nausea or vomiting
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When to call 911
• Pain or discomfort lasts for more than 3-5 minutes.
• Pain comes and goes for 3-5 minutes.
• Shows symptoms of heart attack.
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Care given• Call 911
• Have person rest
• Loosen tight clothing
• Monitor person
• Ask if they have heart disease, taking any medications or has this happened before.
• Be calm and reassuring
• Be prepared to perform CPR/use AED.
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When to offer aspirin
• Ask the following questions:
• Are you allergic to aspirin?
• Do you have stomach ulcers or stomach disease?
• Are you taking blood thinners (Coumadin)?
• Have you ever been told to avoid aspirin?
• ANSWER IS NO to ALL QUESTIONS-GIVE IT 1 TABLET(325 MG) or 2 baby aspirins (81mg).
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Cardiac arrest
• When the heart stops beating properly.
• Breathing stops
• Unconscious
• No heart beat
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Cardiac Chain of Survival
1. Early recognition and early access to EMS
2. Early CPR
3. Early defibrillation
4. Early advanced medical care.
Each minute of delay=10% decrease in chance of survival
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CPR for adults1. Check the scene2. Check the victim-are you ok? Shoulder tap3. Call 911-Get the AED4. Head tilt-chin lift5. Look, listen and feel-10 seconds6. Scan for bleeding (quickly)7. Not breathing-begin chest compressions8. 30 compressions-at least 100 per minute 2
inches deep9. Give 2 rescue breaths10. Continue until????
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UNTIL?????
• AED is available• They start breathing• You are too tired to continue• Scene becomes unsafe• Another trained person takes
over
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Compressions• Kneel beside person• Put hand in middle of
breastbone• Interlock fingers• Fully extend your arms• Press down on chest
using bodyweight to push chest down
• Pivot at the waist• Make compressions
smooth and rhythmic
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CPR for child Infant1. Check the scene2. Check the victim-are you ok?(ask
permission)Shoulder tapFoot flick3. Call 911-Get the AED4. Head tilt-chin lift5. Look, listen and feel-10 seconds6. Give two rescue breaths over infants mouth and nose7. Scan for bleeding (quickly)8. No breathing begin chest compressions9. 30 compressions-at least 100 per minute about 2
inches 2 finger compressions- 1 ½ inch at least 100 compressions
10. Give 2 rescue breaths11. Continue until????
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Compressions for child
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Compressions for Infant
• Find nipple line and place one finger on it and 2 fingers next to it.
• Lift up nipple line finger and use 2 fingers for compressions.
• Hold head with other hand so airway is open.
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Hands only compressions
• If you are unable to give rescue breaths (for any reason) call 911 and then give continuous chest compressions UNTIL…….
• EMS arrives• You notice signs of life• Scene becomes unsafe• Too tired to continue