![Page 1: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
BACTERIAChapter 7
![Page 2: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3 BASIC SHAPES OF BACTERIA
1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus)
2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus)
3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)
![Page 3: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
PARTS OF BACTERIAL CELL Cytoplasm Cell membrane cell wall 1 circular
chromosome Plasmid
(smaller piece of DNA)
ribosomes
![Page 4: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
SPECIAL FEATURES capsule – thick
sticky gel –like layer around outside of cell wall
Protects bacteria from destruction by other cells
Help it to stick to surfaces
Slime layer – helps bacteria to stick to surfaces Reduces water loss
![Page 5: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Flagella – help them to move
![Page 6: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA Found
everywhere on earth
Smaller than plant and animal cells
One-celled organism
Grow alone or in groups or chains
![Page 7: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
REPRODUCTION Sexual
reproduction – conjugationRequires a joining
of cells to exchange genetic material
Draw this diagram
![Page 8: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
REPRODUCTION Asexual -
binary fissionSplitting in two
![Page 9: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
OBTAINING FOOD Producers Autotrophs Make own food –
contain chlorophyll
![Page 10: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Consumers – eat other organisms
Heterotrophs Consumers –
Decompose dead or decaying matter
Parasites Live off living organisms
and absorb nutrition from hosts.
E. coli
![Page 11: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC Aerobic –
bacteria that need oxygen to live
Anaerobic – bacteria that do not need oxygen to live
![Page 12: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ARCHAEBACTERIA Found in extreme
conditions Salty - halophites Boiling hot-
thermophites acidic Methane
producers Muddy swamps Intestines of cattleUs
![Page 13: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pneumonia bacteria
![Page 14: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
BACTERIA SUBGROUPS Eubacteria -
cyanobacteria – blue green bacteria Make own food O2 waste Red, black, or yellow
Importance; Make Oxygen for
organisms that live in water
Used as food source
![Page 15: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CYANOBACTERIA Eubacteria Autotrophs Cyano – blue/green
bacteria - yellow, red
and black Single celled Colonies – chains or
filaments Reproduce – fission Used as food by fish
![Page 16: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Disadvantages:Bloom – mat of
bubbly green slime on water
Resources used up and bacterial die
Consumer bacteria feed on it and use up oxygen. Organisms that live in water die
![Page 17: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
WHAT KINDS OF BACTERIA ARE SHOWN BELOW?
![Page 18: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
LAB PAGE 192 TEXTBOOK
Nostoc
Oscillatoria
GloeocapsaAnabaena
Page 191 Numbers;1,2,3,5,6On loose leaf to be handed in
![Page 20: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
BACTERIA IN YOUR LIFESECTION 8-2 Beneficial bacteria
Saprophyte – organism that uses dead material as food and energy
Digest dead organismsRecycle nutrientsUsed to make cheese, sauerkraut,
vinegar,medications
![Page 21: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA
Beneficial bacteria Nodules – found on
plants that contain nitrogen fixing bacteria - legumes Ex. Peanuts, peas, soybeans Take nitrogen from air for
plants to use In return plant gives bacteria
sugar. Helps fertilize soil Helps other organisms to
produce protein Mutualism – organisms help
each other to live
![Page 22: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
HARMFUL BACTERIA Pathogen – any organism that
produces disease Ex: anthrax in cattle Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough Antibiotic – substance produced by
one organism that inhibits or kills another organismEx. Penicillin, prevents bacteria from
making cell walls. W/o cannot survive
![Page 23: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
VACCINE- Made from damaged particles from
bacteria’s cell walls, or killed or weakened bacteria cells.
- When injected the white blood cells recognize that bacteria and attack it.
![Page 24: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
TOXINS Produced by
pathogens Poisons Ex. Botulism – food
poisoning - can
cause paralysis and
death Clostridium
botulumum
![Page 25: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Endospores – thick walled structure around bacteria to protect them from heat or dryness
- can exist for years until right conditions for growth
- some anaerobic and grow in cans
![Page 26: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
HOW ENDOSPORES ARE FORMED
1. Copy of chromosome 2. Cell membrane pinches
off copy 3. Mother cell swallows
daughter cell. Now, two membranes layers surround daughter cell
4. Thick wall/spore coat is made
5. Tough outer coating made
6. Mother cell withers away.
7. Spore made.
![Page 27: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
PASTEURIZATION Process of heating food to a
temperature that kills harmful bacteria
![Page 28: Chapter 7. 1. spherical – cocci (singular coccus) 2. rod shaped – bacilli (singular bacillus) 3. spiral – spirilla (singular spirillum)](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081501/5697bf851a28abf838c87459/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
COMPLETE IN NOTEBOOK Page 191
Self Check 1,2,3,4,5
Applying Math
Page 205 Applying Math 29 and 30
A. Draw and label this bacterial cell.
1
7
6
5
4
32
What shape bacteria?
B