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Chapter 6 Earthquakes
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stress -a force that acts on a rock to change its shape or volume
- “pushing” and “pulling” of rocks
Rock deforms in 3 ways:-compression-tension-shearing
Forces in the Earth’s Crust
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fault -a break or crack along which rocks move*location of earthquake movement
Two areas of most faults:hanging wall
-block of rock above the fault line
foot wall -block of rock below the fault line
Kinds of Faults
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compression squeezes the rocks of the crustuntil it folds or breaks-the rock becomes more dense-convergent boundary
Forces in the Earth’s Crust
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Kinds of Faultsreverse fault -a fault in which the hanging wall moves
up the footwall *caused by compression*
Footwall
Hanging wall
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Hanging wall
Foot wall
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tension -pulls on the rocks of the crust, causing rocks to stretch out over a large area-rock becomes less dense
-divergent boundary
Forces in the Earth’s Crust
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Kinds of Faults
normal fault – a fault in which the hanging wall moves
down along the fault line above the footwall
*caused bytension*
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Hanging wall
Foot wall
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shearing -pushes rock of the crust intwo different directions-density does not change-transform boundary
Forces in the Earth’s Crust
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Kinds of Faultsstrike slip fault
-a fault in which the blocks of rock move past each other sideways. There is very little “up” and “down” motion. (thrust fault)*caused by shearing*
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Name: Date:Class: 6.1 Pop Quiz
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#1#1
#2#2
#3 What type of fault is this?#3 What type of fault is this?
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#4
#5
#6 What type of fault is this?
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#7 What type of fault is this?
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#9
#8
#10 What type of fault is this?
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#11
#12
#13 What type of fault is this?
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#14 What type of fault is this?
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Changing Earth’s SurfaceScientists use the terms anticline and
syncline todescribe upward and downward folds in
rock.
anticline – a fold in rock that bends upwardsyncline – a fold in rock that bends
downward
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Changing Earth’s Surface
plateau – a large area of flat land raised high above sea level
-formed when forces in the Earth’s crust push up large, flat blocks of rock
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