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Chapter 4: Object Recognition
Object/Pattern Recognition: Making sense of stimulus energyProcess: Bottom-Up vs. Top-down – see ambiguous imageDirect vs. Constructive Perception
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Gestalt Organizational PrinciplesTheories of Pattern RecognitionGestalt: Stimulus information combined
with innate organizing principles of sensory systems. Need examples of principles (proximity, similarity, common fate, closure, and overriding principle of Pragnanz
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Theories of Pattern Recognition: Cont.
• 2. Template Matching: external pattern matched to stored internal representation
• 3. Feature Analysis: constructing pattern based on combinations of primitive features
• 4. Prototype Matching: Stored representation that acts of ‘exemplar’ of entire category of patterns.
• 5. Geon Theory: Recognition based on geometric primitives
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Stored canonical view
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Template matching
• But what about K K K K K K
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Prototype matching
• Central tendency: average representation• Attribute frequency: modal representation
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Selfridge (1959) Pandemonium model
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PDP word recognition model
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• Geon forms using basic cylinder shape
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Expertise and Pattern Recognition
• Chase and Simon (1970’s): studies with chess experts
• Expertise corresponds to more efficient processing of increasingly larger, more meaningful patterns.
• Expansion of working memory capacity – Long-term working memory
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Chess patterns