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Chapter 4Framework
Development and Research
Objectives
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Chapter Objectives
• Differentiate between concepts and variables• Trace and establish the links among
concepts/variables and evolve a conceptual/theoretical framework
• Develop a Research Question• Develop a Set of Hypotheses• Apply what you have learned to a research
project
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The Need for a Framework
The conceptual/theoretical framework is a logically developed, described and elaborated network of associations among concepts or variables deemed relevant to the problem situation.
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Concepts and VariablesA Concept
• an idea expressed as a symbol or in words
• Conceptual framework
A Variable
• Can be observed and measured• Theoretical framework
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The Conceptual Framework 1. Concepts raised in preliminary
investigation
2. Concepts difficult to operationalise
3. Defines the concepts as clearly as possible
4. Shows possible links among concepts
5. Often indicates qualitative research
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Theoretical Framework 1. Types of variables
• Dependent• Independent• Moderating• Intervening
2. Components of Theoretical Framework
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Theoretical Framework
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Theoretical Framework with Intervening Variable
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Theoretical Framework with Moderating Variable
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Research Objectives
1. Research Question• Where concepts cannot be clearly
defined• Identifies issues that will be
investigated• Describes the concepts that will be
the focus of the research
• Usually qualitative research
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Research Objectives (cont.)
• Research Hypothesis• A logically conjectured relationship
between two or more variables expressed in the form of a testable statement
• Propositions or If-Then statements• Null Hypothesis
• Alternate Hypothesis
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