Download - Chapter 4 – Culture & Currents of Thought
Chapter 4 – Culture & Currents of Thought Section 4: The Contemporary Period (1867-NOW)
Part 3: Capitalism, Socialism & Fascism
Background • Industrialization in Canada
• 2nd half of 19th century
• Capital = money needed to start and maintain businesses
• Successful businesses made profit = more capital to invest in other businesses
• This cycle continues = CAPITALISM
Capitalism • Economic system that
focuses on the accumulation of wealth
• Profit
• Invest in businesses and use profit to invest in other businesses
• Private businesses/ factories
• Free competition/ free market
• If a company fails “Too bad!”
Charbonneau Shoe Factory - Drummondville, Quebec around 1910
Capitalism
• Capitalism still exists today
• For the sake of this class focus on the late 1800s to the early 1900s
• Wealthy businessmen investing in factories/other companies
• Banks acted as a way to lend capital to start businesses
Capitalism
• People who represent capitalism: –Elite British business class
– John Redpath
–Banks
–Members of the ‘Montreal Curb Market’ (Montreal Stick Exchange)
–Multinationals Insurance companies Sun Life Insurance
–Multinational = Large company
Capitalism Left: Exterior of the Montreal Stock Exchange building in 1905
Right: Interior of the Montreal Stock Exchange building in 1903
Capitalism • How was capitalism
expressed?
• Architecture: Large buildings owned by large companies
• Wealthy neighborhoods in Montreal: Westmount, Golden Square Mile
• Neighborhoods where you could find factories: Griffintown, St. Henri, Lachine Canal area
• Neighborhoods/ Streets with stores and shops St. Laurent Street
Sun Life Building , Montreal - 1948
Capitalism Left: Construction of the Sun Life Building (2nd stage) in 1923
Right: Sun Life Building in 1931 – Tallest Building in the British Empire at the time
Capitalism
Left: St. Laurent Street , Montreal around 1905 Right: St. Laurent Street, Montreal – early 1920s
How’d the pic
turn out?
Amazing… except
you ruined it
Capitalism
Left: Map of the location of the Sun Life Building Right: Sun Life building in 2007
Uh oh… The toilet's clogged
again….. and overflowing
Capitalism
Left & Right: Photographs of working class homes in Montreal (St. Henri) – around 1903. Often times, more than one family would occupy these homes.
Capitalism
Duplex row housing in a working class neighborhood Gareau Lane- Griffintown, Montreal. 1903
Background • Great Depression 1929-late 1930s
• Stock market crash after much market speculation
• Mass unemployment during the 1930s
• 1 in 4 eligible Canadians not working
• ~ 25% UNEMPLOYMENT
Background • Public works projects
–Construction projects that were run by the different governments (federal, provincial or city)
–Gave people (usually men) work with low wages
–Building bridges, renovating infrastructure, building ‘roads to nowhere’ (any type of infrastructure)
• Work relief camps
–Camps (looked like sleep away camps) that men would travel to
–Construction projects close to the camps
–Run by the federal or provincial governments
–Roads, bridges, highways, etc.
Background
• Direct aid
–Aid given to citizens by different levels of government
– Food stamps, coupons, tokens for staple foods like milk and bread
– Soup kitchens (sometimes run by community groups and religious organizations)
– Free clothing and haircuts
Background
Background • During / after the Great Depression less trust
in capitalism
• People started to think that Capitalism is flawed
• People/groups thought that there must be ‘a better way’ avoid Great Depression from happening again…
• New IDEOLOGIES & political parties start to emerge worldwide & in Quebec
Socialism • An IDEOLOGY that will defend the ‘Greater Good’
• Interests of the greater number of people takes priority over smaller groups (Example: middle class VS wealthy/upper class)
• An idea eventually defended/promoted by the government
• Governments implement laws/programs to support/protect the general population
• Healthcare, employment insurance, etc.
• New political parties promoted this ideology during /after the Great Depression
Socialism • People/groups that represent Socialism:
– Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) a NEW political party that was founded in 1932
– Albert St.-Martin fought for workers’ rights / womens’ rights even before the Great Depression
– Workers’ Unions
– Lea Roback a woman that fought for workers’ rights / womens’ rights
– Labour Defence League
Socialism
Albert St.-Martin in 1905
Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) billboard – early 1930s
CCF Logo in 1932
Socialism
• How was socialism expressed?
–Political party posters
–Strikes/protests
–Literature (magazine, pamphlets, etc.)
Socialism
Montreal Worker’s strike with Lea Robeck -1937 Labour Progressive Party
Poster – early 1930s
Fascism • An Ideology that promotes tradition,
military force, totalitarianism and extreme ETHNIC nationalism
• Ethnic Nationalism a single race represents a nation
• Single government leader/single political party
• Resemblance to a cult
Fascism • People/groups who
represent Fascism:
–Hitler, Mussolini,
– ‘blueshirts’
–Adrian Arcand
–National Social Christian Party Canadian Fascist Party in 1930s
National Social Christian Party Propaganda poster- late 1930s
Fascism
Adrian Arcand Leader of the National Social Christian Party of Canada
Left: Bunito Mussolini Right: Adolf Hitler Photo taken in 1937
Fascism • How was fascism
expressed?
–Propaganda
• Literature (newspapers, ect.)
• Propaganda posters
–Public displays of fascism (mural in Madonna Della Difesa Chruch in Montreal)
Fascist publication – late 1930s