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Chapter 3 Colonial America1587-1770
Section 4 Southern Colonies
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
If you were given the responsibility of writing a constitution for a new state, which of the following would be the most important to include?
A. A bill of rights
B. Responsibilities of the government
C. A plan for the division of land
D. A clear process on how to amend the constitution A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
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How and why did the Southern Colonies grow?
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In the South• White males controlled most property• Plantations (Big Farms) became
important to economic growth• More plantation increased the need
for workers• English criminals and prisoners of
war were sent to work• They could buy their release by
working for a period of time (Usually 7 years)
• African rulers sold their prisoners of war to European slave traders
• Enslaved prisoners were taken to the colonies
• Many people came as indentured indentured servantsservants
• They agreed to work without pay for a set about of time for passage to America
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Establishing Maryland• Founded by Sir George Sir George
Calvert, Lord BaltimoreCalvert, Lord Baltimore• For a safe place for Catholics
persecuted in England• Proprietary colony north of
Virginia• Calvert died and his son
Cecilius named it Maryland• Two of his brothers began to
run it in 1634• Large estatesestates, or pieces of
land, were given to English aristocrats
• Many plantations came about and needed labor
• Indentured servants and enslaved Africans were imported
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Maryland Boundaries• Calvert and Penn
families argued over boundary
• In the 1760’s they hired Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to map the boundaries
• Also put up a line of stones bearing the Penn and Calvert crests
• The Mason-Dixon line
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A B
C
D
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The Mason-Dixon line separates which two states?
A. New Jersey and Pennsylvania
B. New York and Pennsylvania
C. Maryland and Pennsylvania
D. Delaware and Pennsylvania
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Another Conflict in Maryland• Harder to resolve• Protestants and Catholics
were welcomed• There were more Protestants• To protect the Catholics, the
Act of Tolerance was passed in 1649
• Granted the right to worship freely
• Tensions continued• 1692- the Protestant
controlled assembly made the Anglican church the official church in Maryland
• Catholics faced the same restrictions they had in England
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Virginia• Settlers continued into Virginia• Took Native American land• Virginia Governor William
Berkeley made a pledge to Native Americans
• In exchange for a piece of land, he agreed to keep settlers from pushing into their territory
• Nathaniel Bacon, a planter, (along with others) resented the pledge to the Native Americans
• Some settled in these forbidden areas and then blamed the government for not protecting them
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Bacon Rebellion• 1676- Bacon led attacks on
Native American villages• Marched to Jamestown and put
Berkeley into exile• Bacon’s sudden death kept him
from governing Virginia• England recalled Berkeley and
sent troops to restore order• Showed that settlers would not
be limited to the coast• The colonial government
formed a militia to control Native Americans
• Also opened up more land for settlement
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The Carolinas• 1663- proprietary colony
south of Virginia called Carolina
• King gave land to 8 nobles• Nobles rented land to
settlers from England• John Locke, and English
philosopher, wrote a constitution constitution for Carolina
• A plan of government• Contained land divisions
and social ranking
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Northern and Southern Carolina• Farmers from inland
Virginia settled northern Carolina
• They grew tobacco• Sold timber and tar• Did not have good
harbor so they used Virginia’s ports for trade
• Southern Carolina prospered from fertile farmland and the harbor at Charles Town (Charleston)
• Settlements spread, and trade in deerskin, lumber, and beef thrived
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Carolina’s Crops• Two crops dominated• Rice grew well in the
wet coastal lowlands• Rice required much
labor, so the demand for slave labor rose
• Another crop was developed in the 1740s
• Indigo by Eliza Lucas• Used to dye textiles• 1729- Carolina became
North Carolina and South Carolina
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A B
C
D
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Which two crops came to dominate Carolina agriculture?
A. Tobacco and corn
B. Rice and indigo
C. Maize and squash
D. Oranges and strawberries
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Georgia• Founded in 1733 by James James
OglethorpeOglethorpe• Last British colony in
America• Place for debtors and poor
people could make a fresh start
• In Britain, debtorsdebtors- those who were not able to repay debts- were imprisoned
• Georgia was supposed to protect the other colonies from the Spanish in Florida
• Savannah, Georgia was set up as barrier against Spanish expansion
• Few debtors came instead, hundreds of poor people arrived from Britain
• Religious refugees from Central Europe and a small group of Jews arrived
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Georgia Settlers• Complained about
Oglethorpe’s rules• Especially the limits
on landholding• Also the bans on
slave labor and rum• Oglethorpe agreed to
their demands• The colony grew slow
and Oglethorpe turned Georgia back over to the king
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France in North America• The French built Quebec in
1608• France wanted fishing and
trapping animals for fur• 1663 New France became a
royal colony• Louis JolietLouis Joliet and Jacques Jacques
MarquetteMarquette explored the Mississippi River
• Looking for a water route to the Pacific (Northwest Passage)
• Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Sallede La Salle followed the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico
• La Salle claimed area for France
• Called area Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV
• 1718- port of New Orleans was founded
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Growth of New France• Advanced slowly• Estates along the St.
Lawrence River• Estate holders received
land in return for bringing settlers
• Known as tenant tenant farmersfarmers, the settlers paid their lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year
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France and Native Americans
• Had a good relationship with Native Americans
• French trappers and traders went deep into Indian lands
• Lived in Indian villages• Learned their language• Married Indian women• Respected their ways• Tried to convert the Native
Americans for Catholicism• They did not try to change their
customs• Did not push Indians off their
lands
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A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
Who had better relations with the Native Americans than any other Europeans?
A. English
B. French
C. Spanish
D. Dutch
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Spanish in North America• Controlled most of Mexico, the
Caribbean, and Central and South America
• Also the western and southern parts of the present-day United States
• The Spanish wanted to protect its area and built many cities to protect it
• Spanish priests built a string of missions along the Pacific coast
• MissionsMissions are religious settlements established to convert people to a faith
• The missions helped the Spanish claim California
• On the missions they often forced Native Americans to work
• Later Junipero Serra supported Native American rights on these missions
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European Conflicts• Rivalries between
European nations carried over into the Americas
• France and Britain were expanding their North American settlements
• Fought several wars in the early 1700s
• Fights in Europe often followed to North America
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How and why did the Southern Colonies grow?
Maryland: established as a safe place for Catholics; land granted to English aristocrats and other settlers; enslaved Africans and indentured servants imported to work on plantations
Virginia: settlers pushed west into Native American lands; Bacon led rebellion to open more lands for settlement
Carolinas: Proprietary colony split into two royal colonies; produced tobacco, timber, tar, rice, and indigo
Georgia: began as a place for debtors and poor people and as a barrier against Spanish expansion; colony attracted poor people and religious refugees; slow growth led proprietor to return colony to the king
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Chapter 3 Section 4 Quiz
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Criminals and prisoners of war were sometimes shipped to the colonies.
1 2
50%50%1. True
2. False
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Lord Baltimore wanted a safe place for Catholics.
1 2
50%50%1. True
2. False
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Corn became the leading crop in the Carolinas.
1 2
50%50%1. True
2. False
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A series of missions along the Pacific coast gave Spain a claim to California.
1 2
50%50%1. True
2. False
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Wars in Europe had no effect on life in the colonies.
1 2
50%50%1. True
2. False
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Which colony was established as a safe place for Catholics?
1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%1. Georgia
2. Maryland
3. South Carolina
4. North Carolina
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Carolina's crop developed in the 1740s by Eliza Lucas was
1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%1. corn.
2. lumber.
3. indigo.
4. rice.
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Which colony did Britain originally settle as a military barrier?
1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%1. South Carolina
2. Georgia
3. North Carolina
4. Maryland
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Quebec was founded by the
1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%1. English.
2. French.
3. Dutch.
4. Spanish.
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The Franciscan monk who worked for the rights of Native Americans was
1 2 3 4
25% 25%25%25%1. Robert de La Salle.
2. Jacques Marquette.
3. Louis Joliet.
4. Junípero Serra.
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