Download - Chapter 3 Cell Biology & Genetics
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Part 1
Chapter 3Cell Biology & Genetics
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Cells
Basic units of ALL living things Smallest part of an organism that have
the characteristics of life All eukaryotic cells have
Plasma membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Organelles
cork cells
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What do “cells” do?
Cellular Functions Undergo metabolic reactions
(metabolism) & Use Energy Synthesis of Molecules (proteins, nucleic
acids, lipids) Communication Reproduction & Inheritance
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CELL CITY
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Cell Parts (page 58-59)PLASMA MEMBRANE
Function….. outer boundary of cells Controls the entry and exit of
substances Contain “receptor proteins” (name
tags) which identify the cells to recognize other cells (communication)
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Plasma Membrane - Structure
Phospholipid bi-layer containing cholesterol molecules and proteins
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Nucleus - Function
Control center of cell Houses the DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid) which regulates protein synthesis (remember enzymes are a type of protein) & the chemical reactions that take place within the cell
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Nucleus - Structure Enclosed by nuclear envelope
(double membrane) which has pores
Contains chromatin (DNA) Contains a nucleolus which is
where ribosomes are made
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Ribosome - Function
Site of Protein Synthesis
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Ribosome - Structure
Made of rRNA (ribosomal RNA) and proteins
Some ribosomes are found attached to endoplasmic reticulum and some are “free” floating in the cytoplasm
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) - Function
Synthesizes Proteins and then transports them to the Golgi Apparatus
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Rough ER - Structure
Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with attached ribosomes
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) - Function
Makes lipids and carbohydrates Detoxifies harmful chemicals Stores Calcium
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Smooth ER - Structure
Membranous tubules and flattened sacs with no attached ribosomes
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Golgi Apparatus (aka Golgi Body) - Function
Modifies, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use
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Golgi Body - Structure
Flattened membrane sacs stacked on each other
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Lysosome – Function & Structure
Function: contains digestive enzymes Structure : membrane bound vesicle
(pinched off from Golgi)
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Peroxisome – Function & Structure
Function : site of amino acid and lipid breakdown & breaks down hydrogen peroxide
Structure: membrane bound vesicle
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Proteasomes – Function & Structure
Function : Break down proteins in cytoplasm
Structure: tube-like protein complex in cytoplasm
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Mitochondria - Function
Major site of ATP (energy) synthesis when oxygen is available
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Mitochondria - Structure
Double membrane bound organelles Inner membrane forms “infoldings”
called cristae
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Centrioles - Function
Site of microtubule formation Form the base of flagella and cillia
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Centrioles - Structure
PAIR of cylindrical organelles in the centrosome (MTOC) consisting of triplets of parallel microtubules
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Cilia - Function
Move materials over the surface of cells
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Cilia - Structure
Extensions of the plasma membrane Contains DOUBLETS of parallel
microtubules 10 micrometers long
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Flagella – Function & Structure
Propels spermatozoa (in humans) Extensions of plasma membrane
containing doublets of parallel microtubules
55 micrometers long
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Cilia vs Flagella
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Microvilli – Function & Structure
Function: Increase surface area of plasma membrane for absorption and secretion; modified form of sensory receptors
Structure: extensions of plasma membrane containing microfilaments