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Chapter 3
Atomic Structure
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DEMOCRITUS
• Greek philosopher• 470-380 BC• Deduced the ‘atom’
– Greek for
• Everything in universe is made of
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Lavoisier
•
• Concluded a chemical reaction
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Proust
• Law of
• A given compound always has the same ratios of elements
•
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Dalton
• Atomic theory of matter
•
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Dalton’s Postulates
• Each element is
• All atoms of a given element are
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Dalton’s Postulates
• Atoms are
• A given compound always
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How did he know?
• Indirect evidence
• Observations on how things reacted
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Scanning Tunneling Microscope
• Atoms in Silicon
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Structure
• Michael Faraday• Proved atoms
contained
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Ben Franklin
• Studied static electricity
• Flew a kite in a thunderstorm
• Don’t do this at home
• Concluded 2 charges
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Charges• Positive (+) • Negative (-)• Like charges • Opposite charges • Built up
• When the electrons jump to a door or person…
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Cathode Rays
• TV
• Electrons moving through a glass tube with little pressure inside.
• J.J. Thompson
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Atomic Structure Review
• Proton–
• Neutron–
• Electron–
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The Modern Day Atom• Nucleus:
–
–
• Orbiting Nucleus:–
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Atomic Numbers (Z)• Equal to • NEVER CHANGES
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Mass Number (A)• Sum of
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Isotopes of the Elements• Same
• Different number of
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Isotopes
• Defined:–
• Will have different mass
• C-12
• C-13
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Average Atomic Mass
• Ave Mass =
• No
• No
• Only
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Practice
• What is the average atomic mass of the following element. Isotope/mass Abundance
Q-54 43%
Q-55 29%
Q-53 17%
Q-56 11%
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Ions of the Elements
• Same number of
• Has lost or gained –Contains
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Practice
• How many electrons in