Download - Chapter-2A:Brakes and Dynamometers
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Chapter-2A:Brakes and Dynamometers
Topics of Discussion
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place. so that excessive heating of the brake lining does not take which is circulated through the passages in the brake drum) heat. This heat is dissipated in the surrounding air (or water
• The energy absorbed by brakes is dissipated in the form of
hoists, elevators etc. potential energy given up by objects being lowered by absorbs either kinetic energy of the moving member or
• In the process of performing this function, the brake
order to retard or stop the motion of a machine. resistance is applied to a moving machine member, in
• A brake is a device by means of which artificial frictional
Brakes
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to the energy being absorbed. 5.The ability of the brake to dissipate heat equivalent
4.The projected area of the friction surfaces, and
3.The peripheral velocity of the brake drum,
surfaces, 2.The coefficient of friction between the braking
1.The unit pressure between the braking surfaces,
factors : • The capacity of a brake depends upon the following
Requirement of Brakes
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6.It should not be affected by moisture and oil.
5.It should have adequate mechanical strength.
4.It should have high heat dissipation capacity.
3.It should have high heat resistance.
2.It should have low wear rate.
temperature. of friction should remain constant with change in minimum fading. In other words, the coefficient
1.It should have high co-efficient of friction with
Materials for Brake Lining
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Properties of materials for brake lining.
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3.Mechanical brakes.
Current brakes, and
2.Electricbrakese.g.generatorsandeddy
Hydro dynamic brake and fluid agitator,
1.Hydraulicbrakese.g.pumpsor
elements, are classified as :
transforming the energy by the braking
• The brakes, according to the means used for
Types of Brakes
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analysis of these brakes is similar to clutches. brakes may be disc brakes and cone brakes. The on the brake drum is in axial direction. The axial
(b)Axial brakes. In these brakes, the force acting
Band brakes. these brakes may be block or shoe brakes and According to the shape of the friction elements,
Brakes and internal brakes. radial brakes may be sub-divided into external on the brake drum is in radial direction. The
(a)Radial brakes .In these brakes, the force acting
Radial Brakes and Axial Brakes
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Single Block or Shoe Brake
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Friction Force below pivoting
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Friction Force above pivoting
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the brake.
other words, the frictional force helps to apply
(μ.RN.a) adds to the moment of force (P.l). In
• We see that the moment of frictional force
Self energizing brakes
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the brake is said to
apply the brake with no external force, then
• When the frictional force is great enough to
Self Locking brakes
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a distance b from the fulcrum.
while the other end is attached to the lever at
attached to a fixed pin or fulcrum of the lever
brake in which one end of the band is
brake, as shown in Fig, is called a simple band
of the circumference of the drum. A band
with friction material, which embraces a part
leather, one or more ropes, or a steel lined
• A band brake consists of a flexible band of
Simple Band Brake
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Simple Band Brake
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Differential Band Brake
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Self locking conditions
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Band and Block Brake
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Brakes are applied to rear wheels only
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only
Brakes are applied to front wheels
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B F
Brakes are applied to ALL wheels
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power of the engine.
obtain the torque transmitted and hence the
• Knowing the frictional resistance, we may
resistance.
has a device to measure the frictional
• A dynamometer is a brake but in addition it
Dynamometer
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2.Transmission dynamometers
1.Absorption dynamometers, and
engine.
used for measuring the brake power of an
• Following are the two types of dynamometers,
Types of Dynamometers
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measured. machines where the power developed is suitably transmitted through the dynamometer to some other
• The energy or power produced by the engine is
not wasted in friction but is used for doing work. • But in the transmission dynamometers, the energy is
into heat, during the process of measurement. friction resistances of the brake and is transformed power produced by the engine is absorbed by the
• In the absorption dynamometers, the entire energy or
Transmission dynamometers
Absorption dynamometers &
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2. Rope brake dynamometer.
1. Prony brake dynamometer, and
Dynamometers
Classification of Absorption
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Prony Brake Dynamometer
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Rope Brake Dynamometer
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Belt Transmission Dynamometer
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