Download - Chapter 27.1 world war ii
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Chapter 27 – WORLD WAR II &THE COLD WAR
Section 1 – World War II
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World War II Begins
• After World War I, Italy and Germany turned to a political theory known as fascism. – Fascism – strong government headed by one
individual.
Benito Mussolini(Italy)
Adolf Hitler(Germany)
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World War II Begins
• When Germany forces invaded Poland in September 1, 1939, World War II began.
• Great Britain and France declared war on Germany.
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World War II Begins
• In Asia, Japan built up its military strength and invaded China in 1937.
• On December 7, 1941 Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii to try to stop United States from preventing Japan to expand their control of the Pacific
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World War II Begins
• Doris Miller became a hero during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
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World War II Begins
• On December 8, 1941, U.S. declared war on Japan. Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S.
• United States was now fighting with the Allies – Britain, France, and the Soviet Union, against the Axis Powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan.
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World War II Begins
• Thousands of Texans rushed to enlist.
• Audie Murphy was the nation’s most decorated soldier of the war with 33 awards and medals.
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World War II Begins
• General Dwight D. Eisenhower served as commander of all allied forces in Europe.
• Admiral Chester W. Nimitz commanded the U.S. fleet in the Pacific.
General Eisenhower
Admiral Nimitz
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World War II Begins
• Oveta Culp Hobby organized and commanded the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC).
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Texas Home Front
• 1.2 million army soldiers and 200,000 pilots trained at military bases in Texas.
• Many local economies within the state were boosted as Texas businesses provided services to military bases.
• As thousands of new jobs were created, the state’s economy boomed and the depression came to an end.
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Texas Home Front
• Growing economy provided new opportunities for people.– 500,000 Texans,
including African Americans, moved to the cities to work in booming industries.
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Texas Home Front
• Like many other Americans, Texans made sacrifices for the war effort.
• Goods such as gasoline, meat, rubber, and sugar were in short supply.
• Government rationed, or set aside for each family, a specific amount of goods.
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Texas Home Front
• To help feed troops, Texas farmers devoted more land than usual to food crops rather than to cotton. Victory Gardens – small vegetable gardens to grow
extra food.
• Texans also purchased war bonds to finance the war.
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Victory for the Allies
• While Texans worked hard on the home front, Texas soldiers fought alongside Allied troops that attacked in North Africa and the Pacific during 1942 and 1943.
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Victory for the Allies
• 1st U.S. Division to invade Europe was the 36th Infantry Division from Texas.
• 90th Infantry suffered heavy causalities as it fought its way across Europe.
• D-Day (June 6, 1941) Allied troops invaded France to drive out the Germans.
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Victory for the Allies
• Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945.
• As Allied forces entered Germany, they discovered death camps in which millions of people had been killed.
• Holocaust – Germany’s attempt to kill the Jews of Europe. Around 6 million Jews were killed.
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Victory for the Allies
• War in Europe ended, but the war in Pacific still continued.
• Texas units, included 103rd Infantry Division and 144th Infantry Division, saw extensive action in the Pacific.
• On August 6, 1945, United States dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima. Three days later, the bomb was dropped on Nagasaki.
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Hiroshima, Japan
Nagasaki, Japan
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Victory for the Allies
• Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945.
• World War II was over.
• Some 50 million people died worldwide as a result of the war. Of the more than 400,000 Americans who died, 23,000 were Texans.
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Victory for the Allies
• Texans and the people around the world turned to the task of rebuilding after the war.