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CHAPTER 23
Respiration and Excretion Review
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Excretory System
Many different chemical changes take place in cells. As these changes take place
waste products form. Ex: Cellular Respiration -> CO2
+ H2O Other waste products from
cells: salts, nitrogen compounds, and heat.
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Formation of urea occurs in
1.Kidneys 2.Small intestine 3.Liver4.Pancreas
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Bag like structure in which urine is stored
1. Urinary Bladder2. Urethra 3. Ureter 4. Nephron
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What is the major function of the Excretory system?
1.Cell protection2.Blood movement3.Waste removal4.Food breakdown
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What major components make up the excretory system?
KidneysUreterUrinary BladderUrethraSkin
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Kidneys• Humans have 2 kidneys
which are located just above your waistline.
• Main job of the kidney is to remove waste products from the blood
• Each minute about 1 L of blood pass through your kidney.
• In 1 day your kidneys remove waste products from about 170 L of blood.
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Clearly explain how the nephrons filter waste products and nutrients from the
blood?
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What is the main function of the kidney?
1.Produce hormones2.Waste removal3.Support and Shape4.Absorbs water5.2 and 4
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Waste removal
Waste products leave the kidney through the collecting tube as a liquid called urine.
Urine = H20 + salts + ureaExcretion is not completed until urine
is removed from the body.The job of the urinary system is to
remove liquid waste (urine) from the body.
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What are the filtering structures of the kidney?
1)Ureter2)Urethra3)Collecting tube4)Renal artery5)Nephron
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Millions of tiny tubelike structures called nephrons are located inside the kidney.
Nephrons are the filtering structures of the kidneys
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How is urine removed?
Urine leave the kidneys through a tube called the ureter.
1 ureter from each kidney carries urine to the urinary bladder, which is a muscular sac that stores urine.
When the bladder becomes full, muscles from the bladder contract forcing out the urine into the urethra.
The urethra carries urine to the outside of the body.
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What is urine made of?
1)Water2)Salt3)Urea4)Glucose5)1,2, and 3
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Why is water an important components in excretion?
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Answer
H2O is a universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than any other liquid. This means that wherever water goes, either through the ground or through our bodies, it takes along valuable chemicals, minerals, and nutrients.
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Which of these is not a normal constituent of urine: glucose, urea,
salt or water?
1. Glucose2. Salt3. Water4. Urea
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What tube carries urine outside of the body?
1)Ureter2)Urinary bladder3)Urethra4)Nephrons5)Renal vein
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Which of these is not true -- 1, 2, 3 or 4?
1. Kidney excretes urea 2. A small fraction of CO2 is
removed through the skin 3. Small amount of salt is
excreted through skin 4. Feces is excreted through the
anus
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Which of these is not a function of kidneys?
1. Maintenance of acid base balance.
2. Excretion of nitrogenous waste products.
3. Temperature regulation. 4. Maintenance of water
balance.
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What is the major function of the skin?
1.Protection2.Sensation (touch)3.Excretion4.Temperature regulation5.All of the above
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What other organ besides the kidney removes H2O, salts, and urea? Explain
1.Liver2.Skin3.Heart4.Stomach5.Intestines
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SkinSkin has small
structures called sweat glands, which excrete waste products in the form of perspiration.
Perspiration = H2O + salts + urea
Each sweat glands has a small tube that leads to the surface of the skin called a pore.
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Which of these is not an excretory organ: intestine, lungs, heart or
kidneys? Explain
1.Heart2.Intestine 3.Lungs 4.Kidneys
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Excretory Problems
Kidney StonesAcne
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What causes a kidney stone disease?
1. Glucose in the form of carbohydrates in the body
2. Oil clog in the pores of the skin3. Calcium compounds and
nitrogenous waste4. Burning or breakdown of food in
your cells
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Kidney Stones
They are formed from calcium compounds and nitrogen wastes that are not excreted by the body.
Small kidney stone can pass through the ureter, but can cause great pain.
Large kidney stones cannot pass through the ureter, causing a blockage which can destroy kidney cells.
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How are large kidney stones removed?
Medication – causes the stone to dissolve and break apart
Surgery – involves the risk of infection, can lead to complications.
Sound waves – aim shock waves at the stone causing it to vibrate and break apart
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Acne is a common human skin disease. Identify some ways of
controlling acne
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Controlling Acne1. Wash your face several times per day
with soap and water
2. Apply a dry lotion to the skin after washing
3. Avoid oily cosmetics
4.Remove all cosmetics before going to bed
5.Eat a well balanced diet
6. Get plenty of rest and exercise