![Page 1: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 23
Politics in the Gilded Age
![Page 2: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The “Bloody Shirt” Elects Grant
![Page 3: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Americans disillusioned among idealistic
Got corruption, petty politics, and Grant
![Page 4: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
General would make a good president
Most popular war hero after the WarGiven lavish gifts like they owed him
for saving the Union
![Page 5: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Not up to the political arenaNot very cultured
![Page 6: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1868 Republican Platform
Continued reconstruction of South“Let us have peace” -Grant
![Page 7: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Democratic Convention
Denounced reconstructionRepudiationForced through the Ohio Idea
-Redemption of bonds in greenbacks in fullDemocrats hope to keep money in
circulation to make loans affordable
![Page 8: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Heratio Seymour - New York Governor
Denounces repudiation
![Page 9: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Republicans wave the “bloody shirt”
“Vote as you shot”
![Page 10: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Grant 214-80
Popular vote by only 300,000Majority of whites vote for SeymourTexas, Virginia, and Mississippi not
counted500,000 former slaves votes carry
Grant into office
![Page 11: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Era of Good Stealings
![Page 12: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Population growing by leaps and bounds
Becomes third largest western nation behind Russia and France
39 million
![Page 13: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
America is going to be full of graft and corruption
Railroad promoters left bond buyers with little success
Judges and legislatures were up for hire
![Page 14: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Jim Fisk and Jay Gould
High living and showy millionaire Wanted to corner the gold market
1. Bought up gold 2. Convinced Grant not to sell gold 3. Took prices high 4. But Grant released gold anyway,
knowing the scheme
![Page 15: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Jim Fisk
![Page 16: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Tweed Ring
New York CityMilked city and state of over $200
millionAddition, division and silence
![Page 17: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Thomas Nast
Cartoonist who helped bring down Boss Tweed
Turned down much in bribes
(example of a political cartoon)
![Page 18: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Samuel Tilden headed prosecution
Tweed found guilty and sent to jail
![Page 19: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A Carnival of Corruption
![Page 20: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Grant Administration full of corruption
Except for Hamilton Fish - Secretary of State
In-laws are even a part of the graft
![Page 21: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Credit Mobilier
1. Railroad Construction Company formed by insiders of Union Pacific
2. Hired themselves and paid themselves hefty sums
3. Distributed shares to Congressmen
![Page 22: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Uncovered in 1872Tow Congressmen censuredVice President had even received
shares in stock
![Page 23: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Whisky Ring
1. Robbed Treasury of millions by bribing tax collectors
2. Grants private secretary involved Grant gets him off
![Page 24: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
William Belknap
Made money by selling privileges of selling junk to Indians
![Page 25: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
The Liberal Republican Revolt of 1872
![Page 26: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Liberal Republicans
Reform minded citizensWant to purify Washington and end
reconstruction
![Page 27: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Nominated Horace Greeley for president
Reform journalistNot a good politician Eccentric who was hostile to Democrats Got Democratic nomination to run
against GrantWants to clasp hands across the “bloody chasm” and brought Democrats on his side
![Page 28: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
1872 Election
Two candidates not qualified for the job
![Page 29: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Campaign becomes one of name calling
Wave bloody shirt and wave dirty shirt
Grant wins againGreeley lost election, job, mind, life
within a month
![Page 30: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Liberal Republicans force changes
1. General amnesty for former Confederate leaders
2. Lowered high Civil War tariff3. Mild civil service reform
![Page 31: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Depression and Demands for Inflation
![Page 32: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Panic and Depression of 1873
Promoters overextended and markets could not keep up
Bankers made too many bad loans
![Page 33: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Jay Cooke and Company
Made loans hoping Europe would help out, but Europe experiences its own depression
Financier of the Civil War went bankrupt
![Page 34: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
15,000 business go bankrupt
Labor riotsBlacks hit hardest - lost savings
![Page 35: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Debtors want inflationary policy
1. $450 million greenbacks still in circulation
2. Money losing value to gold3. Want cheap money to ease debts
Creditors want hard money to keep its value
![Page 36: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Resumption Act of 1875
Grant convinced to print more paper money
Redeem at face value in gold Saw greenbacks taken out of circulation Fueled depression
![Page 37: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Silver
Debtors look for relief from silver 1. Silver worth 1/16 of gold by Treasury
Dept 2. Silver miners stopped selling silver to
government 3. Treasury stops minting silver 4. Silver discovers drive price down
even further
![Page 38: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Crime of 73
Westerners and debtors call for more greenbacks
A call for inflation
![Page 39: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Contraction
Government collecting money to redeem greenbacks in 1879
Amount of money per capita decreased
Worsened the depressionRestored US credit rating Brought greenbacks up to face valueFew redeemed in 1879
![Page 40: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Bland Allison Act
Compromise between sound money and soft money
Instructed Treasury to buy $2 to $4 in silver each month But they buy only minimum
![Page 41: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Backlash
Democratic House in 1874 and 1878Beginning of Greenback Labor Party
![Page 42: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Pallid Politics in the Gilded Age
![Page 43: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Political seesaw in the late 19th Century
Presidential races closeMajority in House and Senate never
the samePoliticians not willing to take bold
stands Trivial and petty
![Page 44: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Democrats and Republicans see eye to eye on most
issues
Fighting became fierceEfficient organizationsRecord voter turnoutsMany voted straight party ticket
![Page 45: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Why political consensus and political fighting
Built along ethnic and cultural differences Republicans
Lineage to PuritansGovernment should play a role in economic
and moral affair
![Page 46: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Democrats Immigrants, Lutherans, CatholicsMore tolerable of differencesOpposed government touching morality
Bitter politics at local level also
![Page 47: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Democrats
Solid base in SouthRan well in northern industrial cities
Immigrants and political machines
![Page 48: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Republicans
MidwestRural and small towns which usually
gave them victoryFreedmen voted RepublicanGAR - Grand Army of the Republic
Potent political block
![Page 49: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Patronage
Parties built support on patronage and spoils of office
![Page 50: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Infighting in Republican Party in 1870s and 1880s
Stalwarts - Roscoe Conkling - New York Senator Embraces spoils system Portrayed as a turkey
![Page 51: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Half Breeds - James G. Blaine - Maine Toyed with civil service reform but
really wanted power in party to hand out spoils
Blaine wanted to be president Played both sides to appeal to all
Wave bloody shirt and twist British lion’s tail
Worked in stalemating eachother
![Page 52: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
The Hayes-Tilden Standoff, 1876
![Page 53: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Grant wants to run but many remind him of the two turn tradition Grant out of the running
![Page 54: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Rutherford B Hayes
Compromise candidate between Stalwarts and Half Breeds
War veteranCame from Ohio
which was important in electoral college
![Page 55: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Samuel Tilden
DemocratCivil Service reform
and against Republican scandal
Had 184 of 185 needed to win election and 247,000 more popular votes
![Page 56: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Louisiana, South Carolina, and Florida sent in two sets of presidential voting returns Who should count the returns in
Congress Which do they count
![Page 57: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
The Compromise of 1877 and the End of Reconstruction
![Page 58: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Both sides working on compromise in tradition of Clay
![Page 59: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Electoral Count Act
1. Commission to count returns2. 15 from Senate, House, and
Supreme Court3. Tried to make it even and one
bipartisan - David Davis of the Supreme Court
4. Davis resigns and runs for Senate
![Page 60: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Commission accepts Republican returns 8-7 along partisan lines for all 3 states
![Page 61: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Compromise of 1877
1. Hayes takes office2. 15 from Senate, House, and
Supreme Court3. Tried to make it even and on
bipartisan-David Davis of the Supreme Court
4. Bill for Texas pacific railway Not all these promise kept
![Page 62: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Deal completed only 3 days before inauguration
Deal broke standoff
![Page 63: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Compromise at a Price
Violence averted by sacrificing black freedmen
Republicans abandon black equality
![Page 64: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Last feeble attempt at equality by Republicans
Give equal accommodations in public places and no discrimination in jury selection Law toothless
![Page 65: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Civil Rights Case of 1883 says most of it is unconstitutional
Court says individuals may discriminate
![Page 66: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Hayes appoints former Confederate to postmaster general
Hayes also withdraws last troops from South Republican governments in South gone
![Page 67: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Democratic South soon move whites back into power Blacks disenfranchised
Threatened with unemployment, eviction, violence
South also institutes poll taxes and literacy tests
![Page 68: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Make blacks economically dependent
Forced into sharecroppingCrop lien system kept blacks forever
in debt to masters
![Page 69: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Jim Crow Laws
Moved from informal separation of races to state-level legal codes of segregation
![Page 70: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Plessy v. Furgeson (1896)
Separate but equal facilities were legal
Segregated in all areas of life and education
![Page 71: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
South dealt harshly with any who challenged “new order”
Record number of lynchings Crimes against whites asserting themselves
![Page 72: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Class Conflicts and Ethnic Clashes
![Page 73: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Class warfare begins
Depression and deflationRR decide to cut wages 10%
StrikesGets working class supportWork stoppage
![Page 74: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Weakness of Labor Movement
Chinese came to California Dig in gold fields Lay railroad 9% of population Left country with little money
Those who stayed were marooned Neither wanted now where they wanted to
be Children begin to assimilate
![Page 75: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Dennis Kearny
Sand Lot IncidentLed violence against Chinese in San
Francisco Resent the competition of cheap labor Coolies a menace Kearnyites terrorized the Chinese
![Page 76: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
1879 Congress restricts Chinese influx
Hayes vetoes bill Angers Californians
1882 Passes when Hayes leaves office
![Page 77: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Chinese Exclusion Act stays until 1943
![Page 78: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Cold Water gets Cold Shoulder
![Page 79: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Hayes begins with cloud over Presidency
Old 8 to 7His FradulencyTemperance in the White HouseLemonade Lucy Hayes
![Page 80: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Accomplished little as President
Finished Reconstruction1880 Election-Hayes out
![Page 81: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Garfield Interlude
![Page 82: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
James A. Garfield - Ohio
Stalwarts and Half Breeds deadlocked
Dark HorseCivil War Officer
![Page 83: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Chester A. Arthur
Stalwart henchman for VP
![Page 84: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Platform
Protective TariffFeeble Civil Service Reform
![Page 85: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Democrats
Winfield HancockCivil War GeneralPopular in South
![Page 86: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Platform
Civil Service ReformRevenue Tariff
![Page 87: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Campaign
Avoided controversyRepublicans-wave bloody shirt
Gave money to Indiana to sway votersDemocrats-discredit Garfield and
bring up Credit Mobilier
![Page 88: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Garfield 214-155
![Page 89: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Patronage
Blaine becomes Secretary of State Tries to clip wings of Stalwarts
![Page 90: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Charles Guiteau - kills Garfield
Sept 19, 1881Office seekerStalwart Insanity defense
does not workHung
![Page 91: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Garfield
MartyrShocked public servants into action
against flagrant abuses of patronage
![Page 92: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Chester Arthur takes command
![Page 93: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Little qualifications to become President
Spoilsman in Conklings New York political machine
![Page 94: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Underestimated at first
Prosecuted post office frauds“Owes VP to Conkling but President
to Almighty”
![Page 95: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Begins to support civil service reform
They had lost the House in 1882Felt it would get worse if they did not
reform
![Page 96: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Pendleton Act of 1883
Magna Carta of Civil Service1. Prohibited financial assessment of
job holders2. Merit system to office
appointments based on test3.Set up Civil Service Commission to
administer the tests
![Page 97: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Arthur supports the Pendleton Act
Government begins classifying jobs
![Page 98: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Problems of Civil Service Reform
1. Put good jobs beyond patronage and politicians
2. Turned to big corporations for money New breed of boss who could get money
for the party from lobbyists and corporations
![Page 99: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Arthur turned out in 1884
Even though a good reformUpset Stalwarts
![Page 100: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Blaine Cleveland Mudslinger of 1884
![Page 101: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Blaine gets Republican nomination
Tattooed manMulligan Letters
By Blaine to a Boston businessman linking him to a corrupt deal involving federal favors to southern RR
![Page 102: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Mugwumps
Republicans that join the Democratic side
![Page 103: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Democrats-Cleveland a noted reformer
Lawyer-Governor of New YorkAmericans hungry for good character
![Page 104: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Republicans
-Find Cleveland had an affair with Albany widow with illegitimate son Democrats demoralized Cleveland decides to “Tell the Truth”
![Page 105: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Low Level Campaign
Few fundamental differencesFocused on personalities
![Page 106: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Election may hinge on New York
Republican clergy labels Democrats as party of Rum, Romanism, Rebellion This insults the Irish voters Blaine does not speak out against this RRR is stuck to Blaine
![Page 107: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Cleveland wins 219-182
Public dishonesty vs. private immorality
Mugwumps and New York were Blaine’s downfall
![Page 108: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Old Grover Takes Over
![Page 109: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
First Democrat in over 28 years
Could the Democrats be trusted to govern?
![Page 110: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Cleveland does not work well within his party
TactlessInsulting
![Page 111: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Gave in to patronage
Fires 2/3 of 120,000 federal employees
Including 40,000 Republican postmasters
![Page 112: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Military Pensions
Loopholes in bill spur graft and waste Fraudulent claims Congressmen introduce special bill to
end these loopholes Handouts to deserters, bounty jumpers
and men who never served
![Page 113: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Cleveland vetoed these special bills
Challenging the GARCleveland a non veteran
![Page 114: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Cleveland Battles for a lower Tariff
![Page 115: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
High tariff during the Civil War
Revenues for American militaryAmerican industry profitsTreasury running a surplus of $145
million- mostly from the tariff
![Page 116: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
1. Given surplus to veterans Would build up voting support
2. Lower the tariff - industrialists would dislike
![Page 117: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Cleveland studies the issue
Likes lower tariffs Lower prices Less protection for monopolies Lessen the surplus
Overdoes it
![Page 118: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Cleveland asks Congress for a lower tariff
Issue becomes national importanceRepublicans rejoice at recklessnessDemocrats depressed by
recklessnessIssue for 1888 campaign
![Page 119: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Harrison Ousts Cleveland in 1888
![Page 120: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Democrats nominate Cleveland reluctantly
Republicans nominate Benjamin Harrison
![Page 121: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Campaign
Cleveland had marries young Accused of beating wife
Tariff prime issue
![Page 122: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Did lower tariff mean a vote for England?
This issue was pushed by Republicans
![Page 123: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Republicans begin lining up votes for Harrison against the low tariff Build war chest Buy votes if they have to
![Page 124: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Harrison wins electoral vote but loses popular vote
Cleveland first sitting President to be ousted
![Page 125: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Achievements
Dawes Act-designed to control Indians
Interstate Commerce Act-designed to curb RR
Retrieved 81 million acres of land for the government out West
![Page 126: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Tied down by politics of the times
One of the forgettable presidentsCongress overshadowed the White
HouseLocal politics shown bright alsoCleveland a bright but dim star
during this time
![Page 127: Chapter 23 Politics in the Gilded Age. The “ Bloody Shirt ” Elects Grant](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062519/5697bf6f1a28abf838c7d2c0/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Most able men attracted to industry where the money was