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Chapter 20Community Ecology
20-1: Species Interactions
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What’s a community?
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5 Comm. Interactions:PREDATION
COMPETITION
PARASITISM
MUTUALISM
COMMENSALISM
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Predation
Predator eats preyAdaptations!– Being a good predator:
– Being a good escaper:
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Mimicry: Avoiding Predation!
Batesian Mullerian
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CompetitionInterspecific
Intraspecific
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Research in the Lab
Gause, 1930s– Yeast
http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/9/4/389.pdf
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Research in the Wild
Connell, 1960s– Barnacles
– Fundamental niche
– Realized niche
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Competitive Exclusion Principle
One species is excluded from a comm. b/c competition for same limited resource
No 2 species can occupy same niche at same time/place!
Resource partitioning
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Niche Activity
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SYMBIOSISParasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
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PARASITISM
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MUTUALISM
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COMMENSALISM
The goby is essentially the 'guardian of the hole' as the shrimp has very limited visual abilities. Because of this, the shrimp, while outside the burrow, holds one antennae on the goby. If the goby sees a potential threat, it will give a slight tail flick. This vibration is picked up by the shrimp who consequently darts into the hole. If the danger approaches further, the goby will shoot into the hole through a quick C-bend of the body and enter the hole.
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Concept map in groups
http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/concept_maps/00176.htm
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I’m checking today!
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Chapter 20Community Ecology
20-2: Patterns in Communities
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Species Richness vs. Evenness
http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60359.htm
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Latitude & Species Richness
Trend?
Hypotheses:http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60360.htm
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Area & Sp RichnessTrend?
Species-area effect
Habitat destruction...
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Sp Interactions & RichnessPredation – keeps prey # in check
Paine, 1960s– Removed sea stars – Mussels previously coexisted w/several
sp– Overabundance outcompeting for
space, etc– # sp from 20 <5 !
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Richness & Community Stability
Tendency of comm to maintain ~constant conditionsResponse to disturbanceMore species more interactions, spread out effects, lessen the blow
http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60362.htm
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p. 410—I’m checking it!Brain Break…
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Ecological Succession
Primary
Secondary
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Glacier Bay, AK
http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60363.htm
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Pioneer Species
http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60364.htm
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Climax Community
http://my.hrw.com/sh2/sh07_10/student/flash/visual_concepts/60365.htm
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p. 410—I’m checking it!
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HW Tonight--Ch 20 Review p. 412, quiz tomorrow (THURS)