CHAPTER 2, SECTION 1 – SOLIDS, LIQUIDS,
AND GASES
PA STANDARDS:
3.2.C.A1 – Differentiate
between physical and chemical
properties of matter
22. CHAPTER 2, SECTION 1:
Matter is classified by “state” including -
Solids
Liquids, or
Gases
The state depends on the temperature.
Solid, Liquids, and Gases Animation
(Click on this link, then open the “States of Matter
Animation”
23. PROPERTIES OF THE STATES OF MATTER
Solids, liquids and gases are defined by:
Shape
Volume (space occupied)
Particle motion
24. SHAPE OF A SOLID:
There is a definite shape
Two shape types exist:
Crystalline solids – particles have a
definite pattern arrangement
(ex: salt, sand, or ice crystals)
Amorphous solids – particles do not
have a definite pattern arrangement
(ex: plastic, glass, rubber)
25. VOLUME OF A SOLID:
Every solid has a definite volume
Its volume is easily measured
by (L x W x H)
or through water displacement
26. PARTICLE MOTION IN SOLIDS:
Particles are packed close together
They move, but only vibrating in place
28. VOLUME OF A LIQUID:
Has a definite volume
Not compressible (the volume can’t be
squeezed smaller)
29. PARTICLE MOTION IN LIQUIDS
Particles are free to move around andchange location
Movement makes a liquid “fluid” (able to flow)
Fluids have differing “viscosity” (resistance to flow)
Low viscosity = thin liquids that flow quickly (ex: water)
High viscosity = thick liquids that flow slowly (ex: molasses)
31. VOLUME OF A GAS:
Has no definite volume since the volume
changes with the size of the container
Can be compressed to fit in a small container
or will expand to fill a larger one
32. PARTICLE MOTION IN A GAS:
Particles move at high speeds
Particles spread apart to fill the available space
Gases can flow (like liquids)
View an animation comparing the particle motion in
solids, liquids, and gases by right clicking this link,
then select “Open Hyperlink”:
http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/c
haracter.html
SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES SIMULATIONS
Click on the following to view how particles
behave in the different states of matter
States of Matter and Particle Behavior
Next, click this site then open “Solids, Liquids
and Gases”:
States of Matter in Our Environment