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Chapter 2Knowledge need to know before start a project
• Method of generating the concept• Method of decision making• Review the worth of a project• Communication methods
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Methods of generating concepts
1. Brainstorming as a source of ideas2. Using 6-3-5 method as a source of ideas3. The use of analogies in design4. Finding ideas in reference books and trade
journal5. using expert to help generate concept
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The individual designer: A model of human information procession
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Type of memory
• General knowledge• Domain-specific knowledge• Procedure knowledge
Type of knowledge
• Short term memory• Long term memory
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Analogy
• Umbrella VS. removal of urinary calculi
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Nature system
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Velcro Fastener
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Methods of decision makingDecision matrix
• Step 1: choose the criteria for comparison. • Step 2: Develop Relative importance weightings• Step 3: Select Relative Importance Weightings• Step 4: Evaluate Alternatives .• Step 5 Compute Satisfaction
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Decision matrix
Criteria(requirement s or specification
importance Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Alternative 3
Criterion 1 xx Evaluation of alternate 1 using criteria 1
Evaluation of alternate 2 using criteria 1
…….
Criterion 2 yy Evaluation of alternate 1 using criteria 2
Evaluation of alternate 2 using criteria 2
……..
……..
………
Satisfaction Score for Alternative 1
Score for Alternative 1
………
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Example:Using the decision matrix:
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Evaluation Based on advanced Decision matrix
• Step 1: choose the criteria for comparison. • Step 2: Develop Relative importance weightings• Step 3: Select Relative Importance Weightings• Step 4: Evaluate Alternatives .• Step 5 Compute SatisfactionSatisfaction =Σ(belief*importance weighting)
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Believe
Belief=confidence placed on an alternative’s ability to meet a target set by a criterion, requirement, or specification, base on current knowledge.
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Belief=p(k)*p(c)+(1-p(k))*(1-p(c))
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ExampleCriteria Importance Alternative
Linear guide Voice coil
1 Can support the optical system
50 0.77 0.3
2 Move fast 20 0.5 0.9
3 Can correct the light abbreviation
20 0.8 0.8
4 Can Do small adjustment 10 0.8 0.6
Satisfaction 62 55
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Making a portfolio decision
• SA: strongly agree A; Agree N: neutral D: disagree SD: Strongly disagree• VC: Very certain C: Certain N: Neutral U: uncertain VU: very uncertain
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Review the worth of a projectBefore beginning a project
1. Is there a good potential return on investment?
2. Does the new product or improvement fit the company image?
3. Does it fit the distribution channels?4. Is there sufficient production capacity in-
house or with known vendors?5. What will the project cost?
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Communication methods• Design Record-design note book• Documents communicating with management-design
reviews• Documents communicating the final design-drawing of components and assemblies-written documentation to guide manufacturing,
assembly, inspection, installation, maintenance, retirement and quality control