Download - Chapter 2 - Atomic structure
![Page 1: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
ATOM
Atom is the smallest particles which is indivisible.
![Page 3: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Historical development of atom JOHN DALTON
atom cannot be created or destroy
J.J THOMPSON atoms have electron scattered inside it.
ERNEST RUTHERFORD nucleus has positive charge
NIEL BOHR his proposed, atom model based on the solar system.
JAMES CHADWICK in nucleus, have neutron that has no charges.
![Page 4: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Structure of atom
![Page 5: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
Proton Neutron
Electron
![Page 6: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SIMILARITIES:
1)They are subatomic particles.
2)Proton and neutron have the same mass.
3)Proton and neutron are located in the nucleus
![Page 7: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Differences:Particles/ properties
Proton Electron Neutron
Charge Positive Negative Neutral (no
charge)
Location In nucleus Around nucleus
In nucleus
Relative mass
1 1/1840 1
Motion Stationary Move around
nucleus in a fixed orbit
Stationary
Symbol p e n
![Page 8: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Proton number
Proton number is the number of protons in an atom of an element.
Elements can be differentiated by referring to their proton number.
![Page 9: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Nucleon number
Nucleon number is a total number of protons and neutrons in an atom of an elements.
Nucleon number = number of protons + number of neutron
![Page 10: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
In a neutral atom, the proton number also refers to the number of electrons in that atom.
In neutral atom, Proton number = number of
protons
= number of electrons in a
neutral atom.
![Page 11: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CALCULATION OF NUCLEON NUMBER Example 1:
The following information is regarding the subatomic particles of atom P:
proton number = 13neutron number = 14
What is the nucleon number of atom P?
![Page 12: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Example 2
Oxygen atom has 8 number of protons and 8 number of neutron. The nucleon number of oxygen atom is _______.
![Page 13: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Exercise 1
In the sodium atom nucleus has 11 number of protons and 12 number of neutron. So, the nucleon number is _____.
![Page 14: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Exercise 2
The nucleon number of calcium atom is 40. The proton number of calcium atom is 20. How many the neutrons number in the atom calcium?
![Page 15: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Exercise
Atom
Number of
proton
Number of neutron
Nucleon
number
Number of
electron
P 8 8Q 24 12R 19 39S 20 20
![Page 16: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Question To Try
1)What is the name of the positive particles of an atom?
2)Where are electrons located in an atom?
3) If an element X has 9 protons and 10 neutrons, what is its nucleon number? How many electrons are there in X?
![Page 17: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
PROTON Symbol: pCharge: +1Relative mass: 1Location: in the nucleus
![Page 18: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
NEUTRON
Symbol: nCharge: 0Relative mass: 1Location: in the nucleus
![Page 19: Chapter 2 - Atomic structure](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062216/558e5cf51a28ab1b548b46ac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
ELECTRON Symbol: e Charge: -1 Relative mass: 1 (negligible)
1840 Location: surrounding the
nucleus in a certain orbit