Download - CHAPTER 18 INDUSTRY & URBAN GROWTH
CHAPTER 18INDUSTRY & URBAN GROWTH
CHAPTER 18 I CAN STATEMENT
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION INCREASED THE SPEED OF CHANGE IN THE
UNITED STATES
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Bullet points p. 637 Read pgs. 608-613
Section1A New Industrial Revolution
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW CONDITIONS IN THE U.S. SPURRED THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRY
ASSIGNMENT
•Do Time Line of inventions From 1851 – 1913. Due Thursday. At least 15 items.
TIME LINE EXAMPLE
NEW INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES• Bessemer Process – Steel – 1851• Oil in Pennsylvania – 1859• Sholes’ typewriter - 1868• Transcontinental RR – 1869• Bell’s telephone - 1876• Edison’s phonograph – 1877• Edison light bulb – 1879• Edison power plant – 1882• Matzeliger’s shoe making machine – 1883• 1st practical auto – Benz – 1885 - Germany• Eastman’s camera – 1888• 1st U.S. production car – Duryea – 1893• 1st motion picture camera – Louis Lumiere – France - 1895• 1st powered flight – Wright brothers – 1903• Assembly line perfected – Henry Ford 1913
Bessemer Process - 1851
Oil in Pennsylvania - 1859
Sholes’ typewriter - 1868
Transcontinental RR – 1869
Bell’s telephone - 1876
Edison’s phonograph – 1877
Edison light bulb – 1879
Edison power plant – 1882
Matzeliger’s shoe making machine – 1883
1st practical auto – Benz – 1885 - Germany
Eastman’s camera – 1888
1st U.S. production car – Duryea – 1893
Charles – born Canton, IL 1861
Louis Lumiere – Movie CameraFrance - 1895
1st powered flight – Wright brothers – 1903
Assembly line perfected – Henry Ford 1913
Bullet points p. 637 Read pgs. 625- 629
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Ch 18 Sec 4The New Immigrants
• I can understand how the experience of immigrants was both positive and negative
Statistics
• Between 1865 and 1915 – 25 million immigrants to U.S.
• This is more than the U.S. population in 1850
Reasons
• LANDAmount of European
farmland shrinking while populations grew
• RELIGIOUS FREEDOMJews from RussiaChristians from Turkey
Reasons
• POLITICAL UNREST1910 Mexican
Revolution• JOBS
U.S. companies recruited from overseas
Reasons
• FREEDOMDrew people
who wanted democracy and liberty
Immigrant Divisions
Early 1800’s• Most from
Northern and Western Europe
• Most Protestant• Spoke English• Knew some
democracy
Late 1800’s• From Southern or
Eastern Europe• Most Catholic or
Jewish• Few spoke English• Little knowledge
of democracy
A New Life
• Difficult decision to leave
• Miserable trip• Most took trip in
steerage – large compartments that usually held cattle
Difficult Trip
• Crowded conditions
• Little ventilation• Sea sick• Easy to catch
diseases
Ellis Island
• Arrivals from Europe through Ellis Island
• Physical examinations
• Disabled or sick sent back
Who Came 1865 - 1915
Where Did They Go• 2/3 stayed in cities
Mulberry St.Little Italy
ASSIMILATION
• Immigration Societies helped• Older people clung with traditions• Younger people adapted easily• Education
EDUCATION
“The essence of American opportunity, the treasure that no thief can touch . . . Surer, safer than bread or
butter.”
Naturalization
• 5 year wait (unless joined military – then 1 year)
• Speak English• Give up previous citizenship• Law abiding
Naturalization
• 2 witnesses• Not a polygamist• Not an anarchist• Minor children citizens when
parents are
Contributions
Contributions
Contributions
NEW FOODS• Spaghetti• Chow Mein• Bagels
Famous Immigrants
• Alexander Graham Bell – Scotland• Samuel Goldwyn – Poland• Louis Mayer – Ukraine• Arturo Toscanini – Italy• Leo Baekeland - Belgium
Nativism
• The policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants.
• Political thought against immigrants
BECAUSE
Nativism1. Different languages2. “ religions3. “ customs4. Immigrants are violent5. “ are criminals6. “ are anarchists
WHAT DOES THIS SOUND LIKE?
Response1. Chinese Exclusion
Act – 18822. Immigrants
required to read and write – 1917
3. Violence against immigrants
4. Discrimination
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Bullet Points p. 637 Read pgs. 614-619
Ch 18 Sec 2Big Business & Organized Labor
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW BIG BUSINESS CHANGED
THE WORKPLACE AND GAVE RISE TO
ORGANIZED LABOR
Ch 18 Sec 2
• Business were no longer small shops producing goods
• Now business was factories, employing many and producing goods
How did they do it?
• Corporations – Businesses owned by many people, investors.
EXAMPLE
THE MADDOX WIDGET FACTORY
BANKING
• Banks loaned money to corporations
• Corporations paid it back with interest
What is interest?
Growth of Big Business
• MonopoliesBusinesses that controlled all of the business
• Example – The Maddox Widget business owns the factory, the supplies to make the widgets, the shipping of the widgets and the sale of the widgets.
ExamplesAndrew Carnegie
• Started in RR’s• Gained control of
steel making industry
• Made more steel than all steel mills in England
• WHAT DID HE OWN?
EXAMPLESJOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
• Age 23, invested in an oil refinery
• Profits bought other oil companies
• Created many corporations controlled by one board of directors
• This is called a trust• Standard Oil Co.
EXAMPLES
•Meatpacking•Sugar refining•Copper wire
Trusts and MonopoliesThe Debate
GOOD• Builds the economy• Creates jobs• Keeps prices low• Consumers can afford products
BAD• Threat to free enterprise• Unfairly eliminates competition• Corrupts politicians
SOCIAL DARWINISM
• DARWINISM – Only the strongest and best survive – Survival of the fittest
• SOCIAL DARWINISM – Only the strongest and fittest companies survive
HOW DOES THIS AFFECT WORKERS?
The Workplace
• Before the war, business owners knew their employees
• In big factories, a worker was just a number
WORKERS
Women and Children• Textile (clothes and garments)
industry• Tobacco factories• Bottle factories• Mines
Dangerous Conditions
• Breathing dust from factories and mines
• Molten metal burned and killed steel workers• NO WORKERS COMPENSATION
• Social Darwinism says survival of the fittest keep prices down
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
• March 25, 1911, Fire• Exit doors locked to prevent
sneaking off the job• Firetruck ladders too short• 150 dead – mostly women
Workers Organize
• Attempts to organize Unions often failed
• Companies hired security guards to attack union organizers
• Some state law prohibited strikes
Knights of Labor
• 1869 – Philadelphia – Small secret Union
• 1879 – New leader does not use strikes – uses public rallies
• Admits women, African Americans, immigrants, unskilled laborers
Haymarket Square• May 4, 1886 – Bomb explosion at a
rally• 1 police officer dead• Police fire on Union members but kill
7 other police officers, wound 60 cops and unknown number of civilians
• Knights of Labor lose influence
AFL
• 1886 – Samuel Gompers organizes the American Federation of Labor
• Skilled workers only – No African Americans or immigrants
WHY SKILLED WORKERS ONLY?• SKILLED WORKERS ARE HARD TO
REPLACE
Collective Bargaining
• Union negotiates with management
• Strikes only as a last resort
• By 1904, 1 million members
Depression
• 1893 – Depression- Production cut- Workers fired- Wages cut
• Pullman workers had pay cut 25% but still charged the same for housing
Pullman
• Workers go on strike
• RR’s crippled• President
Cleveland sends troops to force workers back to work
Backlash
• Most Americans see Unions as radical and violent
• Only 3% of Americans in Unions
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Bullet Points p. 6137 Read pgs. 620 - 624
Ch 18 Sec 3Cities Grow and Change
I CAN UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE RAPID GROWTH OF CITIES
Why it matters
• The new Industrial Revolution changed the way Americans worked and lived
• It also changed where they worked and lived
Urbanization• 1860 – 1 in five Americans
lived in cities• 1890 – 1 in 3 lived in cities• Cities attracted industry• Industry attracted people• Fastest growing cities
near water
Growing up and out• New Technology
1. Elevated trains
2. Electric street cars
3. Public
transportation4. Steel bridges5. Skyscrapers
Living Patterns
• Poor families lived in oldest sections
• Middle class lived farther out, row houses – apartment buildings
• Upper class on edge of city
Problems• Fire – 1871 – Great
Chicago Fire• Tenement life
Few windows, heat or plumbingGarbage
• ½ of babies died before age 1
Improvements• Streetlights• Police and Fire Departments• Public Health Departments• Hospital – clinics• Salvation Army
Settlement Houses• Jane Addams – Hull House – Chicago –
1889• Helping urban poor
1. English lessons2. Nurseries3. Music4. Sports5. Sponsored legislation to outlaw child labor
EXCITEMENT
• Farm Life – The work is never done
• City Life – Work for the boss then you’re off
HOW DOES THIS FEEL??
Up every mornin’ just to keep a jobI gotta fight my way through the
hustling mobSounds of the city poundin’ in my
brainWhile another day goes down the
drain
Tradin’ my time for the pay I getLivin’ on money that I ain’t made
yetI’ve been goin’ tryin’ to make my
wayWhile I live for the end of the day
IF THIS IS YOU, WHAT WOULD YOU WANT?
Shopping
•Department stores
Leisure• Museums – Museum of Natural History
Leisure• Orchestras• Art
Galleries• Theatre• Circuses
New York’s Central Park
Sports• Baseball
1st Professional baseball team – 1869 – Cincinnati Red Stockings
Sports• Basketball – 1891 – James Naismith
Sports
• Football
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Ch 18 Sec 5Education and Culture
I can understand the causes and effects of an expanded educational system
Assignment
1. Read pages 632 – 6352. Do Ch 18 Sec 5 Key Terms and
People – pg. 6323. Do Ch 18 Sec 5 Graphic
Organizer4. Quiz Tuesday
Ch 18 Sec 5Education and Culture
• Before 1870, < ½ of children went to school• 1852 – Mass. 1st compulsory education law• Most Northern states required education• Many Southern states did not require
educationWHY??
• An industrialized society needs educated workers
High School• LOOK AT CHART
ON PAGE 633• Most states
required 10th grade education
• Not until 1950 did over ½ of students graduate
Writers
• Dime novels – Wild West stories
• Realists – Show life as it is
Jack LondonStephen
Crane
Mark Twain• Real Name –
Samuel Clemens
Huckleberry FinnTom Sawyer
Newspapers
• By 1900 ½ of worlds papers were printed in U.S.
• Newspapers linked to Urbanization• Joseph Pulitzer created first modern
newspaper• Cut price of New York World –
WHY??
Newspapers
• Sensational headlines• Crime – scandal• Pictures• Faked interviews• Full color comics