Download - Chapter 18
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Chapter 18
Social Change andCollective Behavior
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Chapter Outline Using the Sociological Imagination Social Change Sources of Social Change Theoretical Perspectives
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Chapter Outline Modernization Collective Behavior Dispersed Collectivities Crowds Social Movements
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Tocqueville’s Key Assumptions in Predicting Social Change
Major social institutions would continue to exist.
Human nature would remain the same.
Equality and the trend toward centralized government would continue.
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Tocqueville’s Key Assumptions in Predicting Social Change
The availability of material resources limits social change.
Change is affected by the past, but history does not strictly dictate the future.
There are no social forces aside from uman actions.
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Processes for Change Three interrelated social processes
lead to social change: Discovery Invention Diffusion
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Computers Connected to the Internet (per 100,000 people)
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Years for 30% of Americans to Acquire Technologies
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Defining Elements of Asocial Movement
1. A large number of people2. A common goal to promote or
prevent social change.3. Some degree of leadership and
organization.4. Activity sustained over a relatively
long period of time.
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Theoretical Perspectives: Social Change
Theoretical Perspective Concept Example
Functionalism Equilibrium
The nature of the presidency has continuity, despite scandals in the Nixon and Clinton administrations.
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Theoretical Perspectives: Social Change
Theoretical Perspective Concept Example
Symbolic Interactionism
Urbanism A smaller proportion of social interaction in a large city is based on shared meanings.
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Theoretical Perspectives: Social Change
Theoretical Perspective Concept Example
Conflict theory
Interest group
Civil rights laws were enacted in the 1960s as a result of the struggle over racial equality.
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The J-Curve Theory of Revolution
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Hot Buttons for College Activists
Year Hot Topics
1960s Vietnam warCivil rights
1970s Clean air and clean waterFemale empowerment
1980s International human rightsEndangered speciesSexual assault
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Hot Buttons for College Activists
Year Hot Topics
1990s Gay rightsSweatshop laborLegalization of marijuana
New Millennium
Globalization and corporatedominanceImmigration
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Major Forms of Collective Behavior
Form Example
Rumor The prediction that airplanes would crash on a massive scale on January 1, 2000
Urban legend
Fierce alligators in New York City’s sewer system
Fad Swing dancing
Fashion Wearing Nike shoes.
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Major Forms of Collective Behavior
Form Example
Crowd New Year’s celebrants at Times Square in New York City
Mob Lynch mob
Riot Behavior following the acquittal of police officers who were filmed using extreme force against Rodney King
Social movement
Civil rights movement