Download - Chapter 16
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Chapter 16
The Cytoskeleton
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Cell stained with general protein stain shows the cytoskeleton
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Filaments are made of small protein subunits
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Single protofilament is easy to break
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Multiple protofilaments are more stable
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Lateral contacts make a strong filament
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Cytoskeleton can reshape rapidly
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Tubulin heterodimer is the microtubule subunit
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Microtubule structure
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Microtubules preferentially grow at the plus end
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Dynamic instability of microtubules inside a cell
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Rapid cytoskeletal changes in fruit fly embryo
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DVD Clip 70
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Growing and shrinking microtubules
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Growing and shrinking microtubules
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Growing microtubule has GTP containing tubulin subunits at its end
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DVD Clip 71
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http://www.studiodaily.com/main/technique/tprojects/6850.html
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Structure of actin
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Nucleation is the rate limiting step
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If actin filaments instead of actin subunits are starting point polymerization starts much faster
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Actin binds to many different proteins
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Intermediate filaments
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Model of intermediate filament structure
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Model of intermediate filaments
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Intermediate filaments can withstand high levels of deforming force
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Keratin filaments in an epithelial cell
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Blistering of the skin caused by a mutant keratin gene
Normal skin
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Blistering of the skin caused by a mutant keratin gene
Skin with mutated keratin gene
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Blistering of the skin caused by a mutant keratin gene
Cells rupture between the nucleus and the hemi-desmosomes
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DVD Clip 69