Download - Chapter 14.2
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CHAPTER 14.2Education & Religion
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Sacred anything that
is considered to be part of the supernatural world & that inspires awe, respect & reverence
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Profane anything
considered to be part of the ordinary world & thus, commonplace & familiar
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Religion a system of
roles & norms that is organized around the sacred realm & that binds people together in social groups
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Religion: A Sociological Definition
according to sociologists, religion is a social creation things only take
on meaning when they are socially defined as such by a group of believers
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The Functions of Religion
Social Cohesion, Social Control, Emotional Support
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Social Cohesion strengthening of bonds
among people provides people with
support & purpose conflict theorists argue
that this causes problems in societies with more than one practiced religion
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Social Control encourages
conformity to the norms of society
may be used to maintain the traditional social order by presenting it as one demanded by the supreme being
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Emotional Support helps people
endure disappointment & suffering by providing a comfort in believing that harsh circumstances have a special purpose
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Rituals and Symbols Ritual: an established
pattern of behavior through which a group of believers experiences the sacred Example: baptisms,
weddings & funerals often include sacred
symbols Example: clothing,herbs, crosses, books
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Belief SystemsAnimism, Shamanism, Totemism,
Theism, Ethicalism
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Animism belief that
spirits actively influence human life
these forces not worshiped as gods
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Shamanism belief that spirits
communicate only with one person in the group
Shamans believed to be able to heal the sick & see the future
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Totemism belief in kinship
between humans & animals or natural objects
animals or objects thought to represent a family or clan & their ancestors
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Theism belief in a god or
gods monotheism:
belief in one god Christianity,
Judaism, Islam polytheism: belief
in many gods Hinduism
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Ethicalism based on the
idea that moral principles have a sacred qualityBuddhism,
Confucianism, Shintoism
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Organizational Structures
Ecclesia: people are member by virtue of their birth
Denomination: substantial number of the population are members
Sect: small religious organization that typically has split off from a denomination
Cult: new religion whose beliefs & practices differ markedly from those of society’s major religions
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Americans and Religion Americans & Religion
Why do you think so many people who claim to be religious lack so much knowledge concerning their beliefs?
Do you think that abundant knowledge about your religion of preference is relevant/important? Why?
Bill Maher vs. Mike Huckabee Thoughts?