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Chapter 14Chapter 14
The Expansive Realm of IslamThe Expansive Realm of Islam
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Rise of IslamRise of Islam
Flash CardsFlash Cards hajjhajj Qur’an (Koran)Qur’an (Koran)
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Rise of IslamRise of Islam
Flash CardsFlash Cards Ka’abaKa’aba hadithshadiths
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Rise of IslamRise of Islam
Flash CardsFlash Cards Shi’aShi’a SunniSunni
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Rise of IslamRise of Islam
Flash CardsFlash Cards hijrahhijrah UmayyadsUmayyads
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Rise of IslamRise of Islam
Flash CardsFlash Cards AbbasidsAbbasids Dar al’IslamDar al’Islam
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The HijraThe Hijra
Muhammad fled to Yathrib (Medina) 622 CEMuhammad fled to Yathrib (Medina) 622 CE Year 0 in Muslim calendarYear 0 in Muslim calendar
Communal society (umma) Communal society (umma)
Legal, spiritual codeLegal, spiritual code
Commerce, raids on Meccan caravans for sake of Commerce, raids on Meccan caravans for sake of ummaumma
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The QuranThe Quran
Revelations rec’d during visionsRevelations rec’d during visions
Written down c. 650 CE Written down c. 650 CE
Tradition of Muhammad’s life: Tradition of Muhammad’s life: hadithhadith
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The Ka’abaThe Ka’aba
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The Five Pillars of IslamThe Five Pillars of Islam
No god but Allah No god but Allah Daily prayerDaily prayer Fasting during RamadanFasting during Ramadan CharityCharity Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)Pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj)
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JihadJihad
““struggle”struggle” Against inner turmoilAgainst inner turmoil Against viceAgainst vice Against ignorance of IslamAgainst ignorance of Islam
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Islamic Law: The Islamic Law: The ShariaSharia
Codification of Islamic lawCodification of Islamic law Based on Quran, Based on Quran, hadithhadith, logical schools of , logical schools of
analysisanalysis Extends beyond ritual law to all areas of Extends beyond ritual law to all areas of
human activityhuman activity
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The Expansion of IslamThe Expansion of Islam
Successful attacks on:Successful attacks on: ByzantiumByzantium Sassanid territoriesSassanid territories
Difficult to govern rapidly expanding territoryDifficult to govern rapidly expanding territory
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The expansion of Islam, The expansion of Islam, 632-733 C.E.632-733 C.E.
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Umayyad Dynasty Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE)(661-750 CE)
From Meccan merchant classFrom Meccan merchant class Capital: Damascus, SyriaCapital: Damascus, Syria Associated with Arab military aristocracyAssociated with Arab military aristocracy
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Policy toward Conquered Policy toward Conquered PeoplesPeoples
Favoritism of Arab military rulers Favoritism of Arab military rulers
Limited social mobility for non-Arab MuslimsLimited social mobility for non-Arab Muslims
Head tax on non-MuslimsHead tax on non-Muslims
Umayyads live in luxuryUmayyads live in luxury
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The Abbasid Dynasty The Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258 CE)(750-1258 CE)
Abu al-Abbas Abu al-Abbas Sunni Arab Sunni Arab Allied with Shia & non-Arab MuslimsAllied with Shia & non-Arab Muslims
Seizes control of Persia and MesopotamiaSeizes control of Persia and Mesopotamia
Defeats Umayyad army in 750Defeats Umayyad army in 750 Invited Umayyads, then massacred themInvited Umayyads, then massacred them
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Abbasid Administration Abbasid Administration
Persian influencePersian influence
Court at BaghdadCourt at Baghdad
Influence of Islamic scholars Influence of Islamic scholars
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Caliph Harun al-Rashid Caliph Harun al-Rashid (786-809 CE)(786-809 CE)
High point of Abbasid dynastyHigh point of Abbasid dynasty
Baghdad center of commerceBaghdad center of commerce
Great cultural activityGreat cultural activity
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Abbasid DeclineAbbasid Decline
Civil war between sons of Harun al-RashidCivil war between sons of Harun al-Rashid Provincial governers assert regional independenceProvincial governers assert regional independence Dissenting sects, heretical movementsDissenting sects, heretical movements Abbasid caliphs become puppets of Persian nobilityAbbasid caliphs become puppets of Persian nobility Later, Saljuq Turks influence, Sultan real power Later, Saljuq Turks influence, Sultan real power
behind the thronebehind the throne
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Economy of the Early Economy of the Early Islamic WorldIslamic World
Spread of food and industrial cropsSpread of food and industrial crops Trade routes from India to SpainTrade routes from India to Spain
Western diet adapts to wide varietyWestern diet adapts to wide variety New crops adapted New crops adapted
Agricultural sciences developAgricultural sciences develop Cotton, paper industries developCotton, paper industries develop
Major cities emergeMajor cities emerge
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Formation of a Hemispheric Formation of a Hemispheric Trading ZoneTrading Zone
Historical precedent of Arabic tradeHistorical precedent of Arabic trade Dar al-IslamDar al-Islam encompasses silk routes encompasses silk routes
ice exported from Syria to Egypt in summer, 10ice exported from Syria to Egypt in summer, 10 thth centurycentury
Camel caravansCamel caravans Maritime tradeMaritime trade
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Banking and TradeBanking and Trade
Scale of trade causes banks to developScale of trade causes banks to develop SakkSakk (“check”) (“check”)
Uniformity of Islamic law throughout Uniformity of Islamic law throughout dar al-dar al-IslamIslam promotes trade promotes trade
Joint ventures commonJoint ventures common
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Changing Status of WomenChanging Status of Women
Quran improves status of womenQuran improves status of women Outlawed female infanticideOutlawed female infanticide Brides, not husbands, claim dowriesBrides, not husbands, claim dowries
Yet male dominance preservedYet male dominance preserved Patrilineal descentPatrilineal descent Polygamy permitted, Polyandry forbiddenPolygamy permitted, Polyandry forbidden Veil adopted from ancient Mesopotamian practiceVeil adopted from ancient Mesopotamian practice
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Formation of an Islamic Formation of an Islamic Cultural TraditionCultural Tradition
Islamic valuesIslamic values Uniformity of Islamic law in Uniformity of Islamic law in dar al-Islamdar al-Islam Establishment of Establishment of madrasasmadrasas Importance of the Importance of the HajjHajj
Sufi missionariesSufi missionaries Asceticism, mysticismAsceticism, mysticism Some tension with orthodox Islamic theologiansSome tension with orthodox Islamic theologians Wide popularityWide popularity
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Cultural influences on IslamCultural influences on Islam
PersiaPersia Adminstration and governanceAdminstration and governance literatureliterature
IndiaIndia Mathematics, science, medicineMathematics, science, medicine
““Hindi” numbersHindi” numbers
GreeceGreece Philosophy, esp. AristotlePhilosophy, esp. Aristotle Ibn Rushd/Averroes (1126-1198)Ibn Rushd/Averroes (1126-1198)