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Chapter 13
WORKPLACE HEALTH and SAFETY
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2Supervision Today! 6th EditionRobbins, DeCenzo, Wolter
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Chapter Outcomes Discuss the supervisory effects of the
Occupational Safety and Health Act. List the enforcement priorities of OSHA. Explain what punitive actions OSHA can
impose on an organization. Describe what supervisors must to do comply
with OSHA record-keeping requirements. Describe the leading causes of safety and
health accidents. Explain what supervisors can do to prevent
workplace violence. Define stress. Explain how a supervisor can create a
healthy work site. Describe the purposes of employee
assistance and wellness programs.
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3Supervision Today! 6th EditionRobbins, DeCenzo, Wolter
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Introduction
Each year there are: 5,500 work-related deaths 4 million injuries and illnesses
240 million days lost of productive work time
$110 billion spent
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4Supervision Today! 6th EditionRobbins, DeCenzo, Wolter
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OSH ActThe Occupational Safety and Health Act
Established comprehensive and specific health standards
Authorized inspections to ensure standards are met
Empowered the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to police organizational compliance
Required employers to keep records of illnesses and injuries and to calculate accident ratios
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OSH Act established standards for diverse conditions
Noise levels Air impurities Physical protection equipment The height of toilet partitions Correct size of ladders
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6Supervision Today! 6th EditionRobbins, DeCenzo, Wolter
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Priority listing
Imminent danger Serious accidents that have occurred within the last 48 hours
Current employee complaint Inspections of target industries with high injury ratio
Random inspections
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EXHIBIT 13–2OSHA’s Forms 300 and 300A. Source: www.osha.gov/recordkeeping/new-osha300form1-1-04.pdf.
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Incidence rate formula To determine the incident rate, the formula (N/EH) x 200,000 is used where: N is the number of injuries and/or illnesses or lost workdays
EH is the total hours worked by all employees during the year
200,000 is the base hour rate equivalent (100 workers x 40 hours per week x 50 weeks per year)
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9Supervision Today! 6th EditionRobbins, DeCenzo, Wolter
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EXHIBIT 13–3Determining recordability of cases under the OSH Act.
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Continuing OSHA issues Blood-borne pathogens Chemical process safety Lyme Disease Motor vehicle safety Ergonomics
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11Supervision Today! 6th EditionRobbins, DeCenzo, Wolter
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EXHIBIT 13–4Accident prevention mechanisms.
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Workplace violence The issue for supervisors
How to prevent violence How to reduce the organization’s liability should an unfortunate event occur
Plan of action Develop a plan Train supervisors to identify troubled employees before the problem results in violence
Implement stronger security mechanisms Prepare supervisors to deal with the aftermath of the situation
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Maintaining a healthy workplace Make sure workers get enough fresh air
Avoid suspect building materials and furnishings
Test new buildings for toxins before occupancy
Provide a smoke-free environment Keep air ducts clean and dry Pay attention to workers’ complaints
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Repetitive stress injuries Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
Account for nearly 40% of annual workplace illnesses Headaches Swollen feet Back pain Nerve damage
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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EXHIBIT 13–5Potential sources of stress.
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How can stress be reduced? Match employees to jobs Reduce ambiguity Ease work overload-related stressors
Employee Assistance Programs Wellness Programs