![Page 1: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 13Signal Generators and Waveform-
Shaping Circuits
• 13.4 Bistable multivibrators• 13.5 Generation of square and triangular
waveforms using astable multivibrators• 13.6 Generation of a standardized pulse – The
monostable multivibrator • 13.7 Integrated – circuit timers
![Page 2: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The oscillator feeback loop
![Page 4: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The oscillation criterion
![Page 5: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
13.4.1 The Feedback Loop . Fig.13.17 A positive – feedback loop capable of bistable operation
![Page 6: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
13.4.2 Transfer Characteristics of the Bistable Circuit . Fig. 13.19 (a) The bistable circuit of Fig. 13.17 with the negative input terminal of the op amp disconnected from ground
and connected to an input signal vI ; (b) The transfer characteristic of (a) for increasing vI ;
(c) The transfer characteristic for decreasing vI and (d) The complete transfer characteristics
![Page 9: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
13.4.5 A Bistable Circuit with Noninverting Transfer Charactewristics . Fig. 13.20 (a) A bistable circuit derived from the positive – feedback loop of Fig. 13.7 by applying vI
through RI . (b) The trasnfer characteristic of the circuit in (a) is noninverting
![Page 17: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
13-4-5 A bistable circuit with noninverting transfer characteristics
![Page 18: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
13.4.6 Application of the Bistable Circuit as a Comparator . Fig.
13.21 . (a) Block diagram representation and transfer characteristic for comparator having a reference , or threshold, voltage vR . (b) Comparator
characteristic with hysteresis .
![Page 20: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
13-5 Generation of square and triangular waveforms using astable multivibrators
![Page 25: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fig. 13.24 (a) Connecting a bistable multivibrator with inverting transfer characteristics in a feedback loop with an RC circuit
![Page 26: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fig. 13.24 (continued) (b) the circcuit obtained when the bistable multivibrator is implemented with the circuit in Fig. 13.19(a) . (c) Waveforms at various nodes of
the circuit in (b) . This circuit is called an astable multivibrator .
![Page 27: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
13.7 Integrated Circuit Timers . Fig. 13.27 A block diagram representation of the internal circuit of the 555 integrated- circuit timer .
![Page 33: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
13.7.2 Implementing a Monostable Multivibrator Using the 555 IC . Fig. 13.28 (a) The 555 timer connected to implement a monostable multivibrator . (b) Waveforms of the circuit in
![Page 35: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
13.7.3 An astable multivibrator using the 555 IC . Fig. 13.29 (A) The 555 timer connected to implement an astable multivibrator . (b) Waveforms of the circuit in (a) .
![Page 41: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Chapter 13 Signal Generators and Waveform- Shaping Circuits](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081505/56815c39550346895dca2ca7/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)