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Chapter 1.1The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The Native American World
• The earliest Native Americans migrated from Asia using the Bering Strait.
• Over several centuries Native Americans settled in different parts of North America developing a variety of languages and cultures.
Chapter 1.1The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The Native American World (Continued)
• Social Structure - Family connections shape Native American life.
• Religion - Beliefs center on nature and the world around them.
• Culture - Oral history is used to pass on traditions and customs.
Chapter 1.1
• The Native American World (Continued)
• Trade - Native American groups often used bartering to exchanges goods within the group and with outside groups.
• Land - Native Americans did not buy or sell land, they believed that it couldn’t be owned.
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Chapter 1.1The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The Native American World Key Terms
• Kinship - Family relationship that determine social structure
• Clan - Groups of families whoa are all descended from a common ancestor
Chapter 1.2The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The European World
• Starting around 500 AD the Roman Empire breaks apart leaving Europe open to invasion by Germanic tribes and the Vikings.
• Europe plunges into the Middle Ages (Dark Ages) as the Roman Catholic Church dominates everyday life and Feudalism takes hold.
Chapter 1.2The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The European World (Continued)
• At its high point of power the Church organizes a series of attacks to take Jerusalem for the Turks called the Crusades
• The Crusades ultimately failed but did make Europeans more aware of the world outside of Europe.
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Chapter 1.2
• The European World (Continued)
• The Plague - In the late 1200’s the Bubonic swept across Europe killing 1/3 of the population.
• The End of Middle Ages - Nobles begin to consolidate power leading to the development of cities and eventually nations.
Chapter 1.2
• The European World (Continued)
• The Renaissance - This growth leads to increased interest in education, the arts, and creativity. This leads to revolutionary thought like the Reformation.
• Between 1300 and 1600 Europe begins to explore outside of their borders.
Chapter 1.2The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The European World Key Terms
• Feudalism - Political & Economic system that involved Nobles, Lords, and Peasants.
• Middle Class - A group between wealthy and poor
• Magna Carta - Landmark English document signed in 1215 by King John granting rights to Nobles.
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Chapter 1.3The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The West African World
• Europeans had been trading with North Africans since ancient times.
• By the 1400s Europe begins to bypass North Africans to trade directly with West Africans for gold.
• The early decades of trading were peaceful and mutually beneficial.
Chapter 1.3The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The West African World (cont.)
• Geography - 3 Main Types
• Rainforest (Tropical)
• Savanna (Dry, Grassland)
• Desert
• Family Life - Kinship and Lineage connections dominate West African society.
Chapter 1.3The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The West African World (cont.)
• Primary Empires of West Africa included the Benin & Songhai
• Differences with Europe - Africans like Native Americans did not value land the same way Europeans did. Land is scarce in Europe so it was worth more to Europeans.
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Chapter 1.3The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The West African World (cont.)
• Slavery - Labor was more valuable in W. African culture, as such slave were very valuable.
• Slavery was a status that could change and was not passed on to their children.
• Slaves often gained their freedom through marriage.
Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The New Atlantic World
• Christopher Columbus - Born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy.
• An experienced explorer and map maker, Columbus was driven and unyielding.
• Columbus believed that he was on a mission from God to find a route to the West Indies (China, India, and Asian Islands)
Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The New Atlantic World (cont.)
• In 1492, Spain’s Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored his voyage in the hopes gaining wealth, glory, and religious converts.
• Columbus’ voyage took two months and end when he landed in the Bahamas instead of Asia.
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Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The New Atlantic World (cont.)
• Columbus would make four more trips to the Americas
• He was named Governor of Hispaniola, but would later lose that position because his governing style was deemed to harsh.
• Columbus died in 1506, not fully accepting the fact that he discovered a new land.
Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The New Atlantic World (cont.)
• Now that a “New World” had been discovered, Spain & Portugal lead the way in establishing colonies.
• Plantations are established on the back of African Slave labor, because Native Americans are being wiped out by European disease.
Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The New Atlantic World (cont.)
• With labor at a premium in the Americas Europe begins to view slaves as property, and not people.
• An estimated 9 to 11 million West Africans are abducted and sold into slavery starting the 1500s.
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Chapter 1.4The Atlantic World, to 1600
• The New Atlantic World Key Terms
• Columbian Exchange - The trade of goods & culture between the Americas, Europe, and Africa
• Treaty of Tordesillas - Signed in 1494, it divided all non Christian land between Spain & Portugal.
• Cash Crop - Valued crops sold for profit.