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Chapter 11: Meteoroids, Asteroids, and Comets
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The Kuiper Belt of comets spreads from Neptune out 500 AU from the Sun
Kuiper Belt Objects
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Oort Comet Cloud
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A. icy dirtball?
B. dirty snowball?
or
Comets
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Rosetta Mission
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Rosetta Images
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Composition of a Comet
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Comets lack tails until they enter the inner solar system.
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Composition of a Comet
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Period of orbit is 75-76 yearspredicted by Edmond Halley
Nucleus very dark
Dirty snowball!
Halley’s Comet
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“I came in with Halley’s comet in 1835.It is expecting to come again next year (1910), and I expect to go out with it.The Almighty has said no doubt: ‘ Nowhere are two unaccountable freaks; theycame in together, they must go outtogether.”
- Mark Twain, a Biography
Halley’s Comet and Mark Twain
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Meteor Showers
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Meteor Showers
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The Great Leonid Storm of 1833
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Meteor Showers
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• meteoroids: chunks of matter in space orbiting in the Solar System ranging up to tens of meters across and sometimes larger
• meteors: when these chunks hit the Earth’s atmosphere and show up as streaks in the sky
• meteorite: when a fragment of a meteoroid survives its passage through the Earth’s atmosphere
Meteoroids
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Meteorites
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Meteorites
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Gaspra
Ida and its moon Dactyl
Asteroids
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Ceres was the largest Asteroid, now it’s a Dwarf Planet
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Most asteroids orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter
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Near Earth Asteroids cross the Earth’s orbit
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Impact!
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Tunguska Mystery, Siberia, 1908
Barringer Meteor Crater, Arizona 15000 years ago
Impact!
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The Extinction of Dinosaurs
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The Extinction of
Dinosaurs
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Next Impact?