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Chapter 1: The Geography of the Western Hemisphere
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Chapter 1, Lesson 1: The Changing Earth
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Objectives:- You will be able to identify the major natural
events that cause the earth to change.- You will be able to locate the major geographical
features of the Western Hemisphere.- You will be able to identify the three geographical
regions of the Western Hemisphere.
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NEW Vocabularytectonics - science of the structure of Earth
plate tectonics - theory that explains how the continents may rest on large plates of Earth’s crust
tectonic plates - pieces of Earth’s structure that push, pull, and grind against each other
continental drift - the theory that the seven continents slowly drifted apart
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NEW Vocabularyregion - an area with common features that set it apart from other areas
isthmus - a narrow strip of land bordered by water that connects two larger areas of land (ex. Isthmus of Panama)
archipelago - groups of islands
geographical feature - person-made or naturally-created landforms or ecosystems of the Earth
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NEW Vocabularyecosystem - all the living things that share an environment
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Plate Tectonics- Theory that explains how the continents may rest on large
plates of the Earth’s crust- The Earth’s crust is made up of 8 large tectonic plates that
move, carrying the continents and ocean floors with them (continental drift)
- Many of the continents look as though they could fit together and at one time made up a supercontinent - known as Pangaea
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Plate Tectonics- Two colliding plates → mountains (when two plates push up)- Two colliding plates → valleys; volcanic eruptions (when one
plate goes under the other)- Two plates that move away from each other → volcanic
eruptions- Two grinding plates → earthquake- Scientists believe the continents move at a rate of about 2
inches a year
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The Western HemisphereMade up of three regions:
1) North America2) Central America3) South America
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North America
South America
Central America
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The Western Hemisphere- 90% of the land in the
Western Hemisphere = North and South America
- The land of the Western Hemisphere is often called the “Americas”
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The Western Hemisphere- Central America - narrow piece of land that connects North
and South America (considered part of North America)- Isthmus of Panama - narrowest part of Central America
- Greenland - world’s largest island (lies off the northeastern coast of North America)
- Caribbean islands - made up of multiple archipelagos- Caribbean islands, Central America, and Mexico = Middle
America
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Chapter 1, Lesson 2: Land and Water
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Objectives:- You will be able to describe and locate the main
landforms of the Western Hemisphere. - You will be able to identify and locate the
important rivers and lakes in the Western Hemisphere.
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NEW Vocabularytributary - a river or stream that flows into a larger body of water
elevation - height above sea level
landforms - a natural feature of Earth’s surface that is identified based on how rugged it is and how far it is above sea level (ex. mountains, hills, plateaus, plains)
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Bodies of water that flow into the Mississippi River
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NEW Vocabularymountains - a large natural elevation of the earth's surface rising abruptly from the surrounding level
hills - a naturally raised area of land, not as high or rugged as a mountain
plains - a large area of flat land with few trees
plateaus - an area of relatively level high ground; can also be called an upland or highland
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Plateau
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Great Rivers and Lakes: WHEarth’s greatest rivers:
1) Nile River - longest river in the world2) Amazon River - second longest river in the world3) Mississippi River - longest river in North America
Earth’s greatest lakes:
Great Lakes - five freshwater lakes located on border between Canada and United States
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Landforms: WHMountains:
1) Andes Mountains - western coast of South America2) Mount Aconcagua - tallest mountains in the Americas
3) Rocky Mountains
Plateaus:
Central Mexican Plateau
Plains:
Great Plains - largest plain in the Americas (from northern Canada through the United States to southern Texas)
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