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Chapter 1Chapter 1
Early People and the study of Humans
Early People and the study of Humans
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I. Prehistoric PeoplesI. Prehistoric Peoples
Anthropology the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
hominids include humans as well as earlier humanlike creatures.
Anthropology the science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development, biological characteristics, and social customs and beliefs of humankind.
hominids include humans as well as earlier humanlike creatures.
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I. Prehistoric PeopleI. Prehistoric People
Archaeology the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, esp. those that have been excavated.
objects made and used by hominids
(artifacts)
Archaeology the scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples and their cultures by analysis of their artifacts, inscriptions, monuments, and other such remains, esp. those that have been excavated.
objects made and used by hominids
(artifacts)
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I. Prehistoric PeoplesI. Prehistoric Peoples
What is learned from studying artifacts? Culture – set of beliefs, knowledge, and patterns
of living that a group of people develops Educated guesses and use knowledge to draw
conclusions
What is learned from studying artifacts? Culture – set of beliefs, knowledge, and patterns
of living that a group of people develops Educated guesses and use knowledge to draw
conclusions
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I. Prehistoric PeoplesI. Prehistoric PeoplesEvidence of human like creatures appeared millions of years
ago.
1974 – Donald Johanson In Ethiopia hominid skeletonFound female hominid skeleton dating 3 million yrs
ago named her “Lucy” In Tanzania Mary Leaky found skeleton dating
3.7million yrs Skeleton belonged to a group called the
Australopithecus or “southern ape” walked upright like humans
Evidence of human like creatures appeared millions of years ago.
1974 – Donald Johanson In Ethiopia hominid skeletonFound female hominid skeleton dating 3 million yrs
ago named her “Lucy” In Tanzania Mary Leaky found skeleton dating
3.7million yrs Skeleton belonged to a group called the
Australopithecus or “southern ape” walked upright like humans
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Characteristics of a Civilization
Characteristics of a Civilization
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Where Were The First Where Were The First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?Where Were The First Where Were The First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?• 1.1. Nile Valley – EgyptNile Valley – Egypt• 2.2. Tigris Euphrates – South West Tigris Euphrates – South West
AsiaAsia• 3.3. Indus Valley – Southern Asia Indus Valley – Southern Asia• 4.4. Huang He [HWANG HOOH] Huang He [HWANG HOOH]
Valley– (yellow river valley) Valley– (yellow river valley) in in Northern ChinaNorthern China
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Where Were The First Where Were The First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?Where Were The First Where Were The First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?
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Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?
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Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Locate?Civilizations Locate?Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Locate?Civilizations Locate?
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Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?Where were the First Where were the First Civilizations Located?Civilizations Located?
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Five Requirements of Five Requirements of CivilizationsCivilizations
Five Requirements of Five Requirements of CivilizationsCivilizations
• Surplus FoodSurplus Food• The ability to sustain a The ability to sustain a
civilizationcivilization• Everyone can eatEveryone can eat
• GovernmentGovernment• Some form to control Some form to control
the peoplethe people• No Govt = ChaosNo Govt = Chaos• Theocracy, Democracy,Theocracy, Democracy,
Republic
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Five Requirements of Five Requirements of CivilizationsCivilizations
Five Requirements of Five Requirements of CivilizationsCivilizations
• Division of Labor• Specialize in jobs• Cultural Diffusion
• Calendar• To predict the
yearly floods of the river valleys
• Silt - Fertile Soil
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Five Requirements of Five Requirements of CivilizationsCivilizations
Five Requirements of Five Requirements of CivilizationsCivilizations
• Writing• Scribes (trained)
• Hired by government• Used in trade
preserving history pass on information
• Evolution:Pictograms IdeogramsPhonograms Alphabet
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Chapter 1 - TAKE-HOME ESSAY QUESTION
List and briefly explain the five characteristics of a civilization. As you write, analyze the list to determine which of these characteristics you find to be the most critical attribute of a civilization. That is, decide which characteristic is the most basic and important one. Be certain to give reasons for your choice.
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The Pharos (Lighthouse) The Pharos (Lighthouse) of Alexandriaof Alexandria
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The Mausoleum at HalicarnassusThe Mausoleum at Halicarnassus
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Colossus of RhodesColossus of Rhodes
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Temple of Artemis at Temple of Artemis at EphesusEphesus
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Statue of ZeusStatue of Zeus
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Hanging Gardens of Hanging Gardens of BabylonBabylon
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Pyramids of EgyptPyramids of Egypt
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7 Wonders of the Modern World
The Great Wall
of China
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7 Wonders of the Modern World
Petra
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7 Wonders of the Modern World
Chichen Itza
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7 Wonders of the Modern World Statue of Christ
Redeemer
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7 Wonders of the Modern World
Colosseum
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7 Wonders of the Modern World
Machu Picchu
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7 Wonders of the Modern World
Taj Mahal