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Changing MatterPhysical & Chemical Changes
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What different ways can we differentiate between people?
PropertiesHow we identify something.
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Matter has properties
Two basic types of properties that we can associate with matter.
Physical properties
Chemical properties
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Physical Properties
Anything that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. (Tends to be measurable.)
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MalleabilityMalleability• The ability of an object to be molded into different shapes.
– Example – metals.
Opposite – Brittle, not flexible.
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DuctilityDuctility• The ability of an object to be drawn into thin wires without
losing strength.– Metals are ductile.
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Chemical PropertiesThe way a substance may change or react to form other substances
Combustion - the process of burning something
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Matter can be changed two ways
Physically Physical reaction
Physical change
Chemically Chemical reaction
Chemical change
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Physical Changes
Do NOT CHANGE THE TYPE OF MATTER
Nothing new or different is formedCould be a change in:
Mass Volume Density Change in state Color Shape
Size
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Substance may seem different, but the way the atoms link up is the same.
It changes phase (freezes, boils, evaporates, condenses, sublimates)
Physical Changes
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Examples of Physical Changes
Boiling Freezing Dissolving Breaking Making a mixture
2 or more types of matter (substances) mixed together Not in specific amounts Can be separated physically
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Chemical ChangesChemical changes, or chemical reactions, are changes that result in the production of another substance. Changes the way the molecules link up (chemical composition)Makes new substances (new compounds, or compounds are broken down into the elements that make them up)
The substances present at the beginning of the change are not present at the end; new substances are formed. The change cannot be “undone.”
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Chemical Changes
Evidence of a chemical reactionFormation of gas Formation of precipitate Change in color Change in energy (temperature)
Endothermic Absorbs heat energy (gets cold) Exothermic Releases heat energy (gets hot)
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Chemical Changes
Atoms are re-arranged, NOT created or destroyed
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It’s a chemical change if….
It burns
Temperature changes without heating/cooling
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It’s a chemical change if….
It bubbles (makes a gas)
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It’s a chemical change if...
It changes colorIt forms a precipitate – (solid that forms from two liquids).
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Again signs that a Again signs that a Chemical Change has Chemical Change has
occurredoccurredCreation of a gas (bubbles)Creation of a gas (bubbles)Creation or loss of heatCreation or loss of heatFireFireRottingRottingBreaking down (decomposition)Breaking down (decomposition)Precipitation (Sour milk clumps)Precipitation (Sour milk clumps)CookingCookingRusting (oxidation)Rusting (oxidation)
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Chemical Change
The only TRUE sign that a chemical change has taken place is the formation of a new substance.
A new substance that was not there before.
A new substance with a new chemical composition (Atoms are arranged differently).
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Basically What You’re Basically What You’re Telling Me Is…Telling Me Is…
If you end up with a If you end up with a chemical or chemical or chemicals that you chemicals that you did not start with, did not start with,
It is a It is a chemical chemical change!!!!!!!change!!!!!!!
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Another Example Another Example Is…Is…
Eating…Eating…
Now eating can change food Now eating can change food both physically and both physically and chemically.chemically.
Chewing is Physical but…Chewing is Physical but…
Once the food touches the Once the food touches the chemicals in the saliva begin chemicals in the saliva begin to change the food to change the food chemically.chemically.
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Law of Conservation of Matter
Matter is conserved type of atoms does not change
Nothing is created or destroyed
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Law of Conservation of Mass
Mass is conserved amount of atoms cannot change
Nothing is created or destroyed
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What kind of change is it if someone...Tears up paper?
Physical changeMixes salt and water?Physical change
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What kind of change is it if someone...Burns paper?
Chemical changeEvaporates salt water?Physical change
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What kind of change is it if someone...Mixes vinegar and
baking soda?Chemical change
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Physical and Chemical Physical and Chemical Changes Quiz ……….True Changes Quiz ……….True
or False??or False??
1. With a physical change, no new substance is formed.
2. With a chemical change, a chemical reaction occurs.
3. With a physical change, energy is either given off or absorbed.
4. A chemical change can be easily reversed.5. Eating food can be considered both physical
and chemical changes.
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Physical and Chemical Physical and Chemical Changes Changes
Quiz……….Answers!Quiz……….Answers!1. With a physical change, no new substance is formed. TRUE
2. With a chemical change, a chemical reaction occurs. TRUE
3. With a physical change, energy is either given off or absorbed. FALSE
4. A chemical change can be easily reversed. FALSE
5. Eating food can be considered both physical and chemical changes. TRUE
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ONLINE QUIZONLINE QUIZ
http://www.fordhamprep.org/gcurran/sho/sho/review/rev15b.htm
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Physical or Chemical Change?
Painting Wood
PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•A ring tarnishing
•CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?Tarnish is a thin layer of corrosion that forms over copper, brass, silver, aluminum, magnesium and other similar metals as their outermost layer undergoes a chemical reaction. It causes to lose luster.
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Burning Paper
•CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Digestion of food
•CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Sugar dissolving in water
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Iron turning red when heated
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Evaporation
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•A pond freezing in winter
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Melting ice
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Cutting wire
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Painting fingernails
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Cutting fabric
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Baking muffins
•CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Shattering glass
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Decomposition of old leaves
•CHEMICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•Wrinkling a shirt
•PHYSICAL
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Physical or Chemical Change?
•An old nail rusting
•CHEMICAL