Download - Change Over Time
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Change Over TimeEssential Question:
How do species change over time?
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Evolution VariationsAdaptation MutationsPhysical Genetic DiversityPhysiological Natural SelectionBehavioral Charles DarwinProtective Galapagos finches
Vocabulary
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Darwin’s theory
Concepts
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Why does evolution matter now?
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.html
Intro:
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Process by which species change over time.
Slow, gradual over long periods of time.
Evolution
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Traits that help organisms survive in their particular environment.
Organisms must survive long enough to produce offspring & pass on their traits.
An adaptation in one environment may not be helpful in another environment!
Adaptation
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Part of organism’s body.
Examples: long neck of giraffe; pine tree needles.
Physical Adaptation
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How the body functions.
Examples: Ability to regulate body temperature; produce a toxic substance.
Physiological Adaptation
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Something an organism does.
Examples: Building a nest; recognizing a predator.
Behavioral Adaptation
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Help protect organisms from predators.
Examples: Hedgehogs & sea urchins have sharp spines to keep predators away; Turtles & snails have protective shells.
Protective Adaptation
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Differences that exist naturally among members of a population or species.
Offspring are not exactly like their parents, because parents’ genes combine in new ways.
Variations
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Change in a gene or chromosome (DNA).
Have 1 of 3 possible effects…1. helps organism
survive.2. Harmful/deadly.3. Most have no effect
at all.
Mutations
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Differences among members of species, meaning some individuals are better suited to survive.
Species with more variation are most likely to survive.
Genetic Diversity
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Process by which organisms that are best suited to a particular environment survive and reproduce.
Works with the natural genetic variation as parents pass on traits to offspring.
“Survival of the Fittest.”
Natural Selection
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British naturalist developed the theory of “Evolution by Natural Selection.”
Traveled on the ship HMS Beagle in the 1830’s to the Galapagos Islands; observed finches and tortoises.
Published theory in 1859 in book “On the Origin of Species.”
Charles Darwin
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Species of finches had beaks of different shapes & sizes, depending on type of food available.
Darwin suggested the finches evolved from a single finch species (ancestor species) from the mainland, which then adapted to different island conditions.
Galapagos Finches