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Challenges to Separate Collection: The Case for Turkey
Novotel, Bucharest, Romania9 10 2014
Mete IMER
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Some Data on Turkey
• Population : 76.667.864• Number of cities : 81• Number of municipalities : 1.397• Number of sanitary landfills: 76• Amount of municipal waste : 25.800.000 ton• GDP : 534 billion Euro
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Some Data on Turkish Waste Legislation
• Harmonisation with the EU:– Environment Law– Waste Framework Directive– Packaging Waste Control Regulation– Regulation on Batteries– Regulation on Mineral Oil, etc.
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Turkish Packaging Waste Control Regulation
• Roles and Responsibilities: – Ministry of Environment and Urbanization– Municipalities– Licenced Collectors, Sorters and Recyclers– Producers (Extended Producer Responsibility)– Authorised Recovery Organisations– Sales Points– Consumers
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EnforcementTrainingCommunication
Packaging Waste
ControlRegulation
DeclarationRecoveryTargets
Awareness trainingCommunication
Separate collectionAwareness trainingCommunication
Ministry of Environment and Urbanization
City Directorates
Sales Points
Municipalities
FillersPackers
ImportersAuth. Recovery Org.
LicencedWaste Mgt. Companies
Collecting-SortingRecycling
Roles and Responsibilities
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ÇEVKO, set up and run by the Industry (founded in 1991, authorised in 2005)
Authorised Recovery Organisation
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• Vision: A sustainable recovery system, led by the Industry, contributing to the environmental protection, economic and social development in Turkey
ÇEVKO
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• Mission: - To contribute to the development of the
legal infrastructure.
- To cooperate with municipalities to spread “separate collection” throughout the country.
- To undertake and fulfill recovery obligations of the Industry.
- To accumulate knowledge, support stakeholders and increase public awareness.
ÇEVKO
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Households, Industry, Commercial Sources
Packaging Waste
MUNICIPALITIES LICENCED COLLECTORS - SORTERS
LICENCED RECYCLERS
Sort
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M
ate
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Va
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ort
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Ma
teri
als
Authorised Recovery Organisation (ÇEVKO)
PACKERS/ FILLERS / IMPORTERS
Ag
reem
en
t
Serv
ice F
ee
Ag
reem
en
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Agreement
Ag
reem
en
t
Serv
ice F
ee
EPR Model
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Achievements• Agreement with Major Obliged Companies
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Achievements• Agreement with Major Municipalities
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Challenges
• Low level of consumer awareness
• Low level of enforcement by the authorities
• Informal sector
• Street collectors
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A Project for Street Collectors• Purpose: To understand the problem and propose a plan to
integrate street collectors to the formal system.
• Reason: To contribute to the sustainability of the formal system.
• Parties: ÇEVKO, some NGO’s, Union of Marmara Municipalities and some licenced Waste Management Companies.
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Main FindingsParties, including representatives of street collectors, met 3 times, within 3 municipalities in Istanbul, in 3rd Quarter, 2014.
Main findings:• Used to sort at dump sites.
• Moved to cities and become “street collectors” after construction of sanitary landfills.
• Have and cause health and security problems.
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Main Findings
• Due to inefficiencies of the system – (low level of participation by consumers, – some municipalities not engaging in separate collection, – low level of enforcement by the authorities, etc.)
packaging waste go to organic waste bins.
• Street collectors collect and sort packaging waste out of organic waste bins located in front of houses or at common locations.
• Work in an organised fashion.
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Main Findings• Work informally; yet they constitute a certain percentage of
the low income population and could not be ignored.
• Sort and sell waste materials, especially the valuable ones such as PET, Aluminium and sometimes paper to scrap dealers in the neighborhood.
• Scrap dealers sell the materials to a sorter or to a recycler informally.
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Position of PartiesÇEVKO:• Household separate collection system should not be
compromised.
• Street collectors should be part of the separate collection system by cooperating with licenced waste management companies.
• Transactions between street collectors and the licenced companies should be formal.
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Position of Parties
Municipalities:• Street collectors within the municipality should be identified,
equipped with proper clothing and equipment.
• Zones, within the municipality, may be allocated for pre-sorting and storage for the materials collected.
Licenced Waste Management Companies:• Street collectors should sell their materials to the licenced
company within that municipality.
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Street Collectors:• Reluctant to work as employees of licenced collectors-sorters.
• Willing to sell the materials collected at market prices to the licenced collectors-sorters of the municipality they work in.
• Scrap dealers are willing to relocate their facilities to allocated
zones defined by the municipality.
Position of Parties
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The Way Forward
• Gather further information: – Continue meeting with the parties– Search for cooperation at international (Balkan) level
• Propose a solution based on common positions of the parties: