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Thailand’s Low Carbon Growth
Strategies and Challenges
Chaiwat Muncharoen, D. Eng.
Deputy Executive Director
Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management
Organization Public Organization)
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Estimation of Thailand Emissions
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
700.0
1998 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 Year
CO
2-e E
miss
ions
(Mt)
Energy Industrial Process Solvent and Other Product Use Agriculture Land Use Change & Forestry Wastes GDP High Case GDP Low case
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Total Emission (included LULUCF) = 229.08 Mt CO2 eq
CH4 (Mt)Eq,
58.83, 25.7%
N2O (Mt)Eq,
12.39, 5.4%
Net CO2,
157.86, 68.9%
• GHG emission in 2000
(Mt CO2 eq, %) - by sector
• GHG emission in 2000
(Mt CO2 eq, %) - by Gas Type
Waste, 9.32,
4.1%LULUCF,
-7.90, -3.4%Agriculture,
51.88, 22.6%
Industrial
processes,
16.39, 7.2%
Energy,
159.39, 69.6%
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Emission in 2000 of Energy Sector (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'Energy Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Energy, 159.4
69.6%
1B2 Oil and natural
gas, 4.6, 2.9%
1B1 Solid fuels
0.7, 0.4%
1A4c
Agriculture/Forestry/F
ishing, 6.7, 4.2%
1A4b Residential,
5.6, 3.5%
1A3 Transport, 44.7,
28.0%
1A2
Manufacturing
industries &
construction, 30.8, 1A1 Energy
Industries,
66.4, 41.7%
Waste
9.3, 4.1%LULUCF,
- 7.9, - 3.4%
Agriculture
51.9, 22.6%
Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
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Emission in 2000 of Industrial Process (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'Industrial Processes' (MtCO2eq, %)
Industrial Processes,
16.4, 7.2%
2C Metal production,
0.01, 0.0%
2B Chemical industry,
0.3, 2.0%
2A Mineral products,
16.0, 97.9%Waste, 9.3, 4.1%
LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4%
Agriculture,
51.9 22.6%
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
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Emission in 2000 of Agriculture (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'Agriculture' (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Agriculture, 51.9,
22.6%
4F Field burning of
agricultural residues,
1.0, 1.9%
4D Agricultural soils,
7.8, 15.0%
4C Rice cultivation,
29.9, 57.5%
4B Manure
management, 5.1,
9.7%
4A Enteric
fermentation, 8.3,
15.9%
Waste, 9.3, 4.1%
LULUCF, -7.9, -3.4%
Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
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Emission in 2000 of LULUCF (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'LULUCF' (Mt CO2 eq, %)
LULUCF,
- 7.9, - 3.4%
5C Abandonment
of managed lands,
- 39.02 MtCO2eq
5B Forest &
grassland conversion,
44.47 Mt CO2eq
5A Changes in forest
& other woody
biomass stocks,
- 13.35 Mt CO2eq
Waste, 9.3, 4.1%
Agriculture, 51.8,
22.6%Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Energy, 159.4,
69.6%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
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Emission in 2000 of Waste Sector (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Emission in 2000 by 'Waste Sector' (Mt CO2 eq, %)
Waste, 9.3,
4.1%
6C Waste
incineration, 0.02,
0.2%
6B Waste-water
handling, 4.4, 47.5%
6A Solid waste
disposal on land,
4.9, 52.2%
LULUCF, - 7.9, - 3.4%
Agriculture, 51.9,
22.6%Industrial processes,
16.4, 7.2%
Energy, 159.4, 69.6%
Total GHG Emission with LULUCF = 229.08 MtEq
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National Emission in Time Series
2000 – 2004
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Total GHG Emission (Mt CO2 eq)
with LULUCF / with F-gases
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Mt
CO
2 E
q
Energy
Industrial proc.
Agriculture
LULUCF
Waste
Total national emissions and removals
229.1 225.0 238.8
251.8265.9
389.2
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Supply
ElectricityPolicies, measures,
capacity building,
Finance,
Technology
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Contribution of Emission Reduction :PDP
2010 Scenario
Baseline emission 1,400 MtCO2
498
715
PDP 2010 emission
1,275 MtCO2
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Climate Plan Scenario: mitigation option
Mitigation Option of GHG
Emission
Energy Non-
Energy
Power
Generation
Industrial sector
Transport sector
Commercial &
Residential
sector
1.T& D Losses
2. Renewable
3.PP Efficiency
4. Fuel Switching
5. Coal+CCS
• Eff. Boiler
• Eff. Furnace
• Biodiesel
• Gasohol
• Hybrid
• Eco-car
• Cooking Stove
• LPG Stove
• Standby Power
• Electric Kettle
• Fridge in Store
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Mitigation Option of GHG Emission
Non-Energy
Industrial Process
Agriculture
Forestry &
LULUCF
Waste
• Clinker Substitution
• CCS
• BAT
• Livestock
• Rice Field
• Agricultural Soil
• Field Burning
• Forest conservation 2005
• Increase forest land to 40% in 2020
• Policy and Technology Mix for OD and LF
Climate Plan Scenario: mitigation option
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Baseline emission 740 MtCO2
Climate Plan Scenario: Energy sector
309
204
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Climate Plan Scenario:
Agriculture & Forestry Sector
Baseline emission 124 MtCO2
99.686
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0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
Gg
CO2 Eq
uiva
lent
Inventory Year
Environmental Results: Global Worminng Potential
Combined Mitigation: Management (3Rs) with Technology
(Semi-aerobic Landfill + Organic Treatment + LFG Recovery )
BAU - GDP4%
Management 3Rs Implementation: 1kg/person-d + 30% Recycling
Organic Treatment (After 3Rs: 1kg/peron-d + 30% Recycling)
LFG Recovery (Aftter 3Rs + Organic Treatment)
Semi-aerobic Landfill (After 3Rs + Organic Treatment +LFG Utilzation)
Climate Plan Scenario: Waste Management Sector
1kg/person/day+30% Recycling
Organic Treatment
LFG Recovery
Semi aerobic
Baseline emission 35.1 MtCO2
21.6
18
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Baseline emission 1400 MtCO2
Contribution of Emission Reduction:
BAU,PDP 2010 and Climate Plan Scenario
715
498
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Crown Standard
• Crown Standard indicates high quality of Thai
CDM Projects.
• Value added for Thai CERs.
• Criteria:
– Total Score > 50%
– Public participation (level of participation)
– Public contribution (from CER income)
• The project will be annually monitored by TGO’s
monitoring network.
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Information
• National Registry
• Monitoring System and Monitoring Network
• GHG database
• Business Intelligence Tools
• New TGO website
• National Grid Emission Factor
• Mitigation Policy
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Energy
National Inventory and
Communication
IPPU
4D
1A3ai
AFOLU
3C
2B
IPPU
AFOLU
Waste
(Combustion, Fugitive GHG)
Industrial Processes & Produce Use
Cement, Petrochemical,
Refrigerant)
Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land
Use
(Farm, Rice cultivation, Land
use)
(Landfill, Incineration,
Composting, Wastewater
treatment)
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Promotion
• Carbon Market Forum
• Carbon Footprint and labeling
• Cool Mode
• Set up of Thailand Caron Fund
• Energy Efficiency Standard and Labeling
• Tax incentive and other measures
• Pilot project on Low carbon city
• Pilot project on A/R CDM
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Capacity Building and Outreach
• Training for Thai DOE candidates
• Training for other stakeholders
• Climate Thailand Conference 2010
• Capacity Building of TGO and other
agencies by JICA
• Training material, media, news letter
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Issues, Challenges and lessons
learned
• Knowledge and understanding on low
carbon strategies and initiatives
• Tool to analyze the impacts of measures
implemented
• Awareness, participation and
coordination of stakeholders
• Institutional framework and arrangement
• Financial support for implementing
activities
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Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization
(Public Organization)
9th floor, The Government Complex Building B
120 Moo 3 ChaengWattana Road,
Laksi, Bangkok 10210 THAILAND
Tel. +662 141 9804
Fax +662 143 8401
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.tgo.or.th
Contact Detail
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