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Chairman, IUGS-UNESCO Geological Applications of Remote Sensing Programme
& Co-Chairman, Integrated Global Observing Strategy for Geohazards
Integrating the Solid Earth Observing Community
Stuart Marsh
Head of Remote Sensing
British Geological Survey
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Outline
Global Earth Observing initiatives
Where do geology/geophysics fit?
A Solid Earth Observing System?
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Outline
Global Earth Observing initiatives
Where do geology/geophysics fit?
A Solid Earth Observing System?
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A partnership of international organizations, working to define, develop and implement an integrated global earth observing strategy on the basis of best effort and a shared interest
WMO
Global observing systems
International science and research programmes
Space agenciesUN organizations
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Key differences between IGOS and GEO/GEOSSIGOS is an inter-agency cooperation to develop strategies
GEO is an inter-governmental mechanism to deliver systems
What should GEO/GEOSS bring that IGOS cannot?Political engagement
Additional resources
Some challenges facing GEO… and potential partnersDelivering quick wins in order to maintain the political interest
Avoiding wheel reinvention by incorporating existing initiatives
GEO – building on IGOS
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Outline
Global Earth Observing initiatives
Where do geology/geophysics fit?
A Solid Earth Observing System?
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IGOS Geohazard Theme: Report & Implementation
Published by ESA in April 2004
Implemented under IGOS Geohazards Executive Bureau
Available from the Bureau Coordinator:
Available online at:www.igosgeohazards.org
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Theme Sponsors in IGOS
UNESCO, ESA and ICSU needed to find a home in the IGOS Partnership for a Geohazard Theme with in-situ and space-based geohazard communities
Usually, Theme implementation is carried forward by one of the Global Observing Systems in IGOS
None of the existing observing systems include the main ground based geohazards community– GTOS is focused on ecology, agriculture, forestry etc.
New mechanism acceptable to IGOS was required
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IGOS Partners required existing mechanism that:– includes representatives of the geohazards community
– can be modified to include space-based organisations
The Theme Team’s proposed mechanism was the “Geological Applications of Remote Sensing” Programme funded by UNESCO, IUGS & BGS
This solution was accepted by the IGOS Partners and UNESCO and IUGS gave a mandate to modify GARS to help IGOS Geohazard implementation by:– adding space agency participants (ESA and JAXA)– adding representatives of disaster response agencies
Theme Sponsors in IGOS
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IGOS and GGOS: the Global Geodetic Observing System
GGOS proposes to join IGOS Partnership and develop an “Earth System Dynamics” Theme
GARS’ view on three GGOS recommendations:
– GGOS join the Partnership as an observing system Consider during 2005 for a decision in November
– GGOS make links with appropriate existing ThemesExtend Geohazard link via Theme Leader Meetings
– GGOS develop an “Earth System Dynamics” Theme
? Consult Theme Leaders; await November decision
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Outline
Global Earth Observing initiatives
Where do geology/geophysics fit?
A Solid Earth Observing System?
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Framework document has 9 Societal Benefit Areas– Reducing losses from disasters
– Environmental effects on human health
– Management of energy resources
– Climate change
– Water resource management
– Weather
– Terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems
– Sustainable agriculture and desertification
– Biodiversity
Where do Geohazards fit?
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W
Wild firesEarthquakes
Volcanoes, Volcanic ash and
aerosols
Sea and lake ice
Coastal hazards and Tsunamis
Landslides and subsidence Floods
Tropical cyclones
Extreme weather
Pollution events
Hazards considered as Disasters in GEOSS
Elsewhere: disease, drought, algal blooms and invasive species
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Geoscience & GEOSS TargetsIGOS Geohazard Theme supports targets…
T2. Global access to SRTM data
T4. Focused pilot studies in under-served areas
T7. Integration of InSAR technology
T8. Inventory of geologic and hazard zonation maps
IRIS/GSN/FDSN scientists support targets…T3. Expansion of seismic monitoring network
T91. Baseline sites for global in-situ networks
Current opportunity: define 2006 actions against targets
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Outline
Global Earth Observing initiatives
Where do geology/geophysics fit?
A Solid Earth Observing System?
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A strong voice for Geoscience?
Other domains have global observing systems:
Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS)
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS)
There is no Global Solid Earth Observing System
If we had one, would it be easier to:– Implement the multi-hazard IGOS Geohazards Theme?
– Integrate an individual observing system into GEOSS?
– Develop a strong voice for geoscience internationally?
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Required Observations Solid Earth Observing System: 4 main
observations
Baseline Topography– Against which to measure change– For modelling and visualisation
Baseline Maps and Models– Geology, structure, soils– Regional to local scale
Deformation Monitoring– Sudden change– Gradual processes
Seismic Monitoring– Hazard magnitude– Depth and location
Topographic models:– Stereoscopy, InSAR and LiDAR– Ground-based surveying tools
Geoscience surveying:– Aerial photography and field work– In-situ, airborne & spaceborne EO
Deformation measured by:– Differential InSAR and GPS– Various in-situ measurements
Seismicity measured by:– Global networks of seismometers– Local networks for specific hazards
Each hazard (e.g. volcanos) needs other observations (e.g. thermal)
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Coherent messages
An organised community
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A self-organising community?
Coherent messages?
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Solid Earth Observing System?
Coherent messages
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What should we do about it?
Look outside disciplines to consider multi-hazards
e.g. IGOS Geohazard Theme can provide a vehicle
Support each others interaction with GEO/GEOSS
e.g. In addition to own Targets, advocate each others
Use positions in initiatives to promote geoscience
e.g. GARS is supporting GGOS in its push to join IGOS
In longer term, can we begin to self-organise?