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Ch 2.1 (Properties of Matter)
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matter
• Anything that has mass and
takes up space is matter
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_intro.html
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Properties of matter
• Matter is described by two types of properties;
• 1. Physical Properties
• 2. Chemical Properties
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Physical Properties—describe matter
Properties that are observed without changing the matter.
• Melting and boiling point are physical properties (the temperature at which a substance melts or boils)
• State of matter is also a physical property (solid, liquid, gas)
• Density ( a measure of how closely packed an object’s atoms are)
• http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/hotplate/index.html
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Chemical Properties
• Chemical property is the ability of matter to change into different
matter.
• Chemical changes change the chemical nature and properties of
substances to form new substances
• A match burns
• Two substances mix together turn a color different from either of them
• Toasting marshmallows
• Melt it—physical change
• Burn it—chemical change
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atom
• The smallest particle that can
still be identified as the
matter it came from is an
atom
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element
• Matter that is made of only
one kind of atom is an
element.
• Carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen are all elements.
• The picture is of the element
zinc in hydrogen chloride.
Zinc + HCL
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Difference between
COMPOUND & MIXTUREMIXTURE COMPOUND
1. A mixture can be separated into its particles by physical processes (filtration, evaporation, sublimation, distillation)
1. A compound cannot be separated into its constituents by physical processes. It can be separated by chemical means
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2. Elements can combine in any ratio.
3. Elements do not react chemically.
4. Mixture shows the properties of its constituents
2. Elements combine in a fixed ratio.
3. Elements react chemically and make new substance.
4. A compound has new properties different from its constituents.
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� CH 2.2
�(Changes in Matter)
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Physical change-a change in state
• The substance is still
the same substance
• Form changes but
chemical makeup
doesn’t
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Ice changes to water—
water changes to ice,
frozen water is still water
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Water changes to steam, a gas, when it is heated to its boiling point,water vapor
condenses to form a liquid
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Changing States of Matter-Water
• Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius, 32 degrees Fahrenheit
• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit
• http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_chemphys.html
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Other Physical Changes
• Breaking
• Crushing
• Cutting
• Bending
• Melting
• Freezing
• Boiling
• Can happen naturally
• People can cause
changes
– Water evaporating
– Rain falling and
causing puffles
– People cause change
• Recycling paper
• Recycling metal
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Chemical Properties and Changes
• Chemical changes change the chemical nature and properties of substances to form new substances
– A match burns
– Two substances mix together turn a color
different from either of them
– Toasting marshmallows
• Melt it—physical change
• Burn it—chemical change
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Combustibility-a measure of how
easily a substance will burn, or
combine rapidly with oxygen
• Corrosion of metal—when iron combines with oxygen in the air, rust forms
• Gas bubbles—hydrogen peroxide on a cut
• A change in color--fireworks
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Energy
• Physical and chemical changes are
accompanied by energy changes.
• energy: the capacity to do work
• work: results from a force acting on a distance
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Energy Conversions
• The Law of
Conservation of
Energy states that
energy is neither
created nor destroyed.
• Energy can change
from one form to
another or transferred
from one object to
another.
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Temperature and Heat
• Temperature is the measure of the thermal energy of a substance.
• The hotter an object, the greater the motion of its particles, and the greater the thermal energy.
• Heat is the transfer or exchange of thermal energy caused by a temperature difference.
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Thermal Energy
• Atoms and molecules of matter are in constant, random motion, which is the source of thermal energy.
• More motion = more thermal energy.
• Is there a way to easily measure this motion?