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Ch. 9 Cellular RespirationThe breakdown of food molecules to release energy to the cell.
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Connection between photosynthesis andcellular respiration
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In cellular respiration it is NADH NOT NADPH!
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Anaerobic respiration: 2 kinds
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Anaerobic respiration is used in wine-making
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration
• 1. Glycolysis: Glucose is broken
cytoplasm
• 2. Transition Reaction: Convert pyruvate to AcetylCoA
• 3. Krebs Cycle: Produce most NADH and FADH2
• 4. Electron Transport Chain: Convert NADH and FADH2 to ATP
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Glycolysis: breaking glucose into pyruvate occurs in cytoplasm
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Transition Reaction: converts pyruvate to acetylcoAoccurs in intermembrane space of mitochondria
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Substrate-level phosphorylation: when ATPsynthase makes ATP
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General Summary of Krebs cycle (Know your blue sheet!)Occurs in matrix of mitochondria
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Electron Transport Chain: converts NADH and FADH2 to ATPoccurs in cristae
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Ch. 40,44 Metabolism
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Strategies for Body Temperature
• Endotherm: most body heat obtained internally (from metabolism)
• Endotherms tend to be homeotherms (maintain a constant body temperature)
• Ectotherms: most body heat obtained externally (from environment)
• Ectotherms tend to be poikilotherms (allow body temperature to fluctuate with environmental temperature)
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Modes of Heat Loss and Gain
Radiation: heat loss or gain by a difference in body temperature and the environmentConduction: heat loss or gain by direct contact with an objectConvection: heat loss or gain by wind or water currentsEvaporation: heat loss only, cooling mechanism
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Body Temp = Heat Produced + Heat Gained – Heat Lost
(By Metabolism) (From Environment) (To Environment)
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Temperature Tolerances
CTmin
CTmax
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Torpor: Hummingbirds
Body temperature and oxygenconsumption (red line) are highwhen hummingbirds are activeduring the day but may drop to 1/20 these levels during periodsof food shortage.
Dawn Dusk
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Osmoregulation: salt and water balance
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What does osmoregulation for us?
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Water Balance In The K-Rat
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Special adaptations: Kangaroo rats
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Excretion of nitrogenous wastes