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Ch. 5
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Sensation v. Perception Process where a
stimulated receptor (like eyes or ears) creates a pattern of impulses that represent the stimulus
The basis for color, odor, sound, texture, taste
Process that assigns meaning to incoming sensory patterns
Interpretation of senses
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How does stimulation become sensation?
Sight Hearing Skin Senses Smell Taste Equilibrium Pain Kinesthetic
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Sight
Is stimulated by light waves, its organ is the eye, its receptors are rods and cones of the retina, and its sensations include colors, patterns, and textures.
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Sight
Bill Nye Eye Diagram https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7cIm
d-6bZ8
If Your Eyes Could Talk Worksheet Finding your Blind spot Afterimage Activity http://www.brainpop.com/health/
bodysystems/eyes/
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Hearing
stimulated by sound waves, the organ is the ears, the receptors include hair cells of the basilar membrane, and the sensations include noises & tones.
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Hearing
How we Hear http://www.brainpop.com/health/
bodysystems/hearing/ Ear Diagram
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Skin Senses - Touch
stimulated by external contact with the skin the receptors are nerve endings in the skin sensations include touch, warmth, and cold
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Touch
http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/touch/
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Smell stimulated by substances through the nose the receptors are hair cells that line the nose sensations include odors such as musky,
flowery, burnt, and minty
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Smell
http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/smell/
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Taste stimulated through substances by the
tongue receptors are taste buds on the tongue sensations include flavors such as bitter,
sour, salty, and sweet
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Taste
http://www.brainpop.com/health/bodysystems/taste/
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Equilibrium
stimulated by mechanical and gravitational forces in the inner ear
Receptors include hair cells of the canals and vestibule
sensations include spatial movement and gravitational pull
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Pain
extreme stimulus such as temperature and chemicals that hits the many pain fibers throughout the body
Receptors include your nerve endings sensations are acute and chronic pain
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Kinesthetic & vestibular senses stimulated by body position and movement
through skeletal muscles, joints, and tendons. Receptors include the neurons [in the
mentioned above] sensations are your positions of body parts in
space
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Thresholds 1. Light—Candle flame, 30 miles, on a dark clear
night.
2. Sound—The tick of a mechanical watch under quiet conditions at 20 feet.
3. Taste—One tablespoon of sugar in two gallons of water.
4. Smell—One drop of perfume diffused into the entire volume of a three bedroom apartment.
5. Touch—The wing of a bee falling on your cheek from a distance of one centimeter.
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BBC- Human Senses – Hearing and Balance http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=6UOmVSNGTV8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
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After Experiment
What was the most difficult about your taste test?
What sense is the most important when we eat?
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Theories in Perception
Learning Based InferenceObserver uses prior knowledge to interpret
informationEx: Britney Spears pg. 191
○ We fail to see facial patterns that violate our expectations
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Theories in Perception
Context and ExpectationsOnce a context is identified, you form
expectations about what you think will be experienced
○ Ever have a hard time recognizing someone outside their usual context?
Ex: picture pg. 192 and THE CAT○ Rely on context clues
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Theories in Perception
Context and ExpectationsOnce a context is identified, you form
expectations about what you think will be experienced
Ex: picture pg. 192 and THE CAT
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Theories in Perception
Perceptual Set Our readiness to detect a particular stimulus
in a given context. ○ Example: new mother is perceptually set to
hear the cries of her child
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FOX; OWL; SNAKE; TURKEY; SWAN; D?CK
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BOB: RAY: DAVE: BILL: TOM: D?CK
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Perceptual set
Meaning of the words read prior to the ambiguous stimulus create a perceptual set
Example: do it yourself 193 Perceptual sets influence peoples
attitudes and behaviors towards different groups
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Gestalt Approach
View that maintains that the brain is designed to seek patternsBrain sees the whole rather than the parts
○ Example: square
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Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping
laws that show how we group things according to 1 varied factor
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Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping
Law of SimilarityGroup things together that look similar
X O X O
X O X O
X O X O
X O X O
X O X O
X O X OColumns not rows
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Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping
Law of ProximityWe group things together that are near each
other
XO XO XO XO
“you are the company you keep”
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Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Grouping
Law of ContinuityWe see things as connected and continuous
figures rather than disjoint