Download - Ch 10 Rocks
![Page 1: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Rock CycleCh 10
![Page 2: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Rocks and the Rock Cycle
• Magma is the parent of all rocks
• Three Major types–Igneous “from fire”
–Sedimentary
–Metamorphic “Changed Form”
![Page 3: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Rock CycleSeries of processes in which rock
changes from one type to another and back again.
![Page 4: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Igneous Rocks• Forms as Magma cools
![Page 7: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
- Igneous Rock Structures
• Below crust is Intrusive
• Intrusions- underground rock masses
• Batholiths over 100 square kilometers
![Page 8: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Stock under 100 Km2
• Laccolith-domed lake of rock, forces up small mountain ranges
![Page 9: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Sill layer of rock formed between other layers
• Dikes- magma forcing it self across layers
![Page 10: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Extrusions
• Above Crust is Extrusive
• Volcanic neck-lava remains from interior of volcano
• Lava plateau-lava flows out of cracks and covers land
![Page 11: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Texture of igneous rock–Slow cooling allows large
(course) crystals to form
–Extrusive rock will have very small crystals
![Page 13: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PorphyryPorphyry is a mix of large and
small crystals
![Page 14: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Rapid cooling may result in a glassy appearance obsidian, or may trap gas bubbles, pumice
![Page 15: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Obsidian
![Page 16: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Three Families of Igneous Rock
• Granite light colored or felsic (silica) orthoclase feldspar, quartz, hornblende, and mica
![Page 17: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Granite
![Page 18: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Diorite medium colored, plagioclase feldspar, hornblende, augite and biotite. Little quartz
![Page 19: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
–Basalt dark or mafic (Iron) plagioclase feldspar, and augite
![Page 21: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Basalt
![Page 22: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Sedimentary RocksSedimentary rocks are formed when sediments undergo compaction (pressure) and cementation (glue)
![Page 23: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3 typesClastic, Chemical, Organic
• Clastic- sediments (small pieces) are carried away by wind, water or ice and left as deposits
• These deposits then undergo cementation and compaction
![Page 24: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Chemical- rocks form from minerals that have been dissolved in water
• Organic- rocks are the remains of living things
![Page 25: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Clastics• Clastics are identified by the size of
their sediment
• Conglomerate- rounded. pebble size
• Breccia- angular pebble size
• Sandstone- sand sized particles
• Shale- clay particles
![Page 26: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Conglomerate- rounded. pebble size
![Page 27: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Conglomerate
![Page 28: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Breccia- angular pebble size
![Page 29: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Breccia
![Page 30: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Sandstone- sand sized particles
![Page 31: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sandstone
![Page 32: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Shale- clay particles
![Page 33: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Shale
![Page 34: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Chemical• Some minerals precipitate due to a
change in temperature, limestone
• Evaporates-left behind when water evaporates gypsum, halites
![Page 35: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Limestone
![Page 36: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Rock salt and Gypsum
![Page 37: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Organic• Coal-formed from plants being buried
then compacted
• Organic limestone-shells from clams, coral, oysters and plankton form limestone
![Page 38: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Coal
![Page 39: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Organic Limestone
![Page 40: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Features• Stratification-layer representing
conditions when formed. cross-bedding
• Ripple marks and mud cracks
• Fossils
• Concretions precipitated minerals build up around existing rocks
![Page 41: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Concretion
![Page 42: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Metamorphic rocks• Rock may change because of
exposure to heat and pressure, or have minerals dissolved or added
• Two types metamorphism– Contact (direct)
–Regional (Barrovian)
![Page 43: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Classification• Foliation
–metamorphic rock has visible stripes
• Can be formed when crystals are pushed into parallel bands or minerals of different densities separate into bands
![Page 45: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Schist
![Page 46: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Banding–Minerals form into district lines,
–Requires more heat and pressure than foliation
Both take flat minerals like mica and force them into bands
![Page 47: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Gneiss
![Page 48: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Example of formation
• Slate, schist and gneiss
• Slate comes from shale
• More heat and pressure turn slate in schist
• Schist transforms into gneiss
![Page 49: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
•Unfoliated •Have no bands•Formed from rocks with one mineral• Quartzite formed from sandstone• Marble formed from limestone
![Page 50: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Slate
![Page 51: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Quartzite
![Page 52: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Marble
![Page 53: Ch 10 Rocks](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062300/5555662db4c90530208b565b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Images from about.geology.com