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CFD Simulation of
a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine
Hamid Arastoopour and Emad Abbasi
Wanger Institute for Sustainable Energy Research, IIT
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Applications of CFD in Wind Energy:
From blade design to Wind Farms
Airfoil design
Blade design
Full rotor sizing
Acoustic analysis
Wind farm configuration
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Objective:
To Understand the behavior and performance
of the wind turbine in the presence of rain
droplets
Case Studies:
1- Aerodynamic performance of the S809 airfoil with and
without rain droplets
2- Full rotor simulation of NREL phase II experiments with
and without rain droplets
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Aerodynamic performance of the S809
without rain droplets
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S809 Airfoil Designed by NERL
for HAWT application
Laminar Flow Airfoil for Wind Turbine Applications
•Re= 2,000,000, Angle of Attack = 0° to 20°
•Experiments:
•2D: Tested in the low-turbulence wind tunnel at Delft University
of Technology, (Somers, 1989)
•3D: Used as the profile for the NREL Phase IV full wind turbine
experiment, (Simms, 2001)
•Transitional and Fully Turbulent
•Grid = 200,000 Nodes
•Turbulent model: k-ω SST
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2d simulation results
Static Pressure Contours , Angle of attack: 0 degree
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2d simulation results
Velocity Magnitude Contours , Angle of attack: 0 degree
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2d simulation results
Static Pressure Contours , Angle of attack: 9.22 degree
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2d simulation results
Velocity Magnitude Contours , Angle of attack: 9.22 degree
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Pressure Coefficient distribution:
Experiment vs. Simulation
AOA: 0° AOA: 14°
AOA: 9.2°
AOA: 22°
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Lift and Drag Coefficient:
Experiment vs. Simulation
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Full rotor simulation of NREL phase II
experiments without rain droplets
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Experimental set up:
- Blade: NREL in house
- Number of blades: 3
- Blade span (from flange to tip) = 4.521 m
- Rotor diameter = 10 m
- Airfoil profile: NREL S809
- Phase II: Blade without twist and taper
- The rotor operates at a nominal 72 rpm.
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CFD simulations
Full turbulence and transition turbulence are
implemented at different wind velocities and
constant 72 rpm rotational speed
Incompressible flow
Full turbulence: SST k-w model (turbulence)
Transition turbulence: transition SST k-w
model (transition)
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3D simulation results:
Pressure and velocity contours
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Output power
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Ongoing research
Considering the effect of change in the air density
due to the rain on both aerodynamics and output
power of the wind turbine
Simulation of both 2D and 3D cases in the
presence of water droplets:
Using Lagrangian-Eulerian model
To understand the interactions between droplets and
the blades
Water layer formation over the blades
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Questions?