Download - Cerebral palsy presentation for edu 290
- 1.Cerebral Palsy
Maria Vander Kolk
Dr. Gayheart
2. What is Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is an abnormality of motor function (as opposed
to mental function) and postural tone that is acquired at an early
age, even before birth.
Signs and symptoms of cerebral palsy usually show in the first year
of life.
3. What Causes Cerebral Palsy
Events that happen during pregnancy can cause Cerebral Palsy.
The premature brain is at a high risk of bleeding, and when severe
enough, it can result in cerebral palsy. Children that are born
prematurely can also develop serious respiratory distress due to
immature and poorly developed lungs. This can lead to periods of
decreased oxygen delivered to the brain that might result in
cerebral palsy
White matter abnormalities are observed in many cases of cerebral
palsy.
Genetic disorders
Stroke
Blood Clots
Infections of the brain
Rare cause is lack of oxygen to the brain at delivery (seizures,
irritability, jitteriness, feeding and respiratory problems,
lethargy, and coma depending on severity.
4. Signs and symptoms
Issues with the following
Muscle tone
Movement, coordination, and control
Reflexes
Posture
Balance
Fine motor function
Gross motor function
Oromotor dysfunction- difficulty using the lips, tongue, and
jaw
Developmental delay
Developmental milestones lacking
5. Types of Cerebral Palsy
Spastic
Ataxia
Athetoid
Mixed
6. Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Spastic cerebral palsy, the most common form of the disease, occurs
when the brain damage occurs in the outer layer of the brain, the
cerebral cortex. It is estimated that this form of CP affects
between 70 to 80 percent of patients. Spastic CP affects patients
in different ways, depending on the areas of the body it affects.
It can affect one side of the body or just the legs.
7. Alan
8. Martha
9. Ataxia Cerebral Palsy
Low muscle tone and poor coordination of movements is described as
ataxic cerebral palsy. Children with ataxic cerebral palsy look
very unsteady and shaky. This rare form of cerebral palsy affects
the sense of balance and depth perception.Affected persons often
have poor coordination and walk unsteadily with a wide based gait,
placing their feet unusually far apart. They have a lot of
shakiness, like a tremor you might have seen in a very old person,
especially when they are trying to handle or hold a small object
such as a pen. Because of the shaky movements and problems
coordinating their muscles, children with ataxic cerebral palsy may
take longer than other children to complete certain tasks such as
writing a sentence.This form affects about 5-10 percent of the
children diagnosed with cerebral palsy.
10. Athetoid cerebral palsy
About 10 percent of children with cerebral palsy have athetoid
cerebral palsy. Athetoid cerebral palsy is caused by damage to the
cerebellum or basal ganglia. These areas of the brain are
responsible for processing the signals that enable smooth,
coordinated movements as well as maintaining body posture. Damage
to these areas may cause a child to develop involuntary,
purposeless movements, especially in the face, arms, and
trunk.These involuntary movements often interfere with speaking,
feeding, reaching, grasping, and other skills requiring coordinated
movements. For example, involuntary grimacing and tongue thrusting
may lead to swallowing problems, drooling and slurred speech.The
movements often increase during periods of emotional stress and
disappear during sleep.In addition, children with athetoid cerebral
palsy often have low muscle tone and have problems maintaining
posture for sitting and walking.
11. Mixed cerebral palsy
About ten percent of children with cerebral palsy have what is
known a mixed-type cerebral palsy.These children have both the
tight muscle tone of spastic cerebral palsy and the involuntary
movements of athetoid cerebral palsy. This is because they have
injuries to both the pyramidal and extra pyramidal areas of the
brain.Usually the spasticity is more obvious at first, with
involuntary movements increasing when the child is between nine
months and three years old.The most common mixed form includes
spasticity and athetoid movements, but other combinations are also
possible.
12. Treatment
The physical therapist evaluates muscle tone, strength and gait
(walking).
The occupational therapist reviews the child's ability to perform
tasks of self-help and care -- from feeding to manual
dexterity.
The speech therapist evaluates the child's ability to speak and
understand speech.
Medications for spasticity, seizures, surgery for spasticity,
seizures, and vision issues are also treatment options.
Children will need specialized medical care by a doctor to work
with their diagnosis.
Because physicians have offered limited hope in curing cerebral
palsy, many families have turned to alternative methods in the
treatment of their children. Such therapies may include diets,
herbal remedies, aromas, play with animals, and hyperbaric
oxygen.
13. Secondary impairments
Some of them such as poor speech, swallowing disorders, drooling,
and poor fine or gross motor coordination are the result of the
motor disorder affecting specific muscles involved in those
functions. Other conditions are the results of simultaneous
injuries in areas of the brain besides the motor areas.
Cognitive disabilities, sometimes referred to as developmental
delay, is often associated with cerebral palsy. Up to 50% of
patients with cerebral palsy have cognitive disabilities. However,
many of these children can be educated and lead productive lives
and are usually only mildly or not at all intellectually
impaired.
Small head size
Seizures
Vision issues
It is difficult for children with cerebral palsy to gain weight and
frequently have delayed growth. Can cause gastro esophageal reflux
or obesity.
Urinary tract infections
Osteoporosis
Fractures
Constipation
14. Prognosis for recovery
Since cerebral palsy is actually a set of symptoms associated with
a variety of causes, potential treatments will have to be diverse.
Many scientists are now focusing on recent discoveries that suggest
we will be able to replace lost or damaged brain cells.
We must recognize that many, and possibly most, children with
cerebral palsy can lead full, meaningful, and happy lives. The team
of parents, caregivers, and health practitioners have the
responsibility to help the child with cerebral palsy achieve this
goal.
We must be sure not to leave children with CP behind and understand
that they have unique qualities to share.
15. references
www.medicinenet.com/cerebral_palsy/page6.htm
www.cerebralpalsy.org/what-is-cerebral-palsy/symptoms/
http://www.cerebralpalsylawdoctor.com/cerebral-palsy/types/spastic/
http://www.about-cerebral-palsy.org/definition/mixed-cerebral-palsy.html