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Hydrogen VehiclesRoad-Map in FIAT
Giuseppe Rovera
Centro Ricerche Fiat
1st International Conference on Hydrogen Safety
Pisa, Sept. 8-10 2005
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Fuel Cell Vehicles for Urban Transportation
FCV development in Fiat is focused on urban vehicles:
City Cars and Buses
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The Fiat Fuel Cell Road Map
FC Cityclass Torino FC Cityclass Madrid
2002 2006
Hybrid FC Europolis
Seicento FC APU Panda Cell Full Power
2000 2004
Seicento Hydrogen
FU
EL
CE
LL
SY
ST
EM
APU FC system
II generation FC with Load-follower powertrain
Full power FC system
Panda fleet
III generationFC system
BU
SC
ITY
CA
RS
Years
Doblò FC
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Caratteristiche principali
Vehicle Cityclass 12 mLoad 72 passengersTotal Weight 19 tonnPowertrain architecture Series Hybrid load follower (DC/DC lato FC)Batteries Pb gel (576 Vnom – 50 Ah), or NaNiCl2 (Zebra)Electric Motor AC asinchronous triphase (160 kW – 1000 Nm)PEM Fuel Cell System 60 kWmax
H2Tank 9 bottles, total 149 l @ 200 bar
Performance
• Max Speed 60 km/h• Gradeability 20%
(@ full load)• H2Refuelling Time <15 min• Range (urban cycle) 12 h
Iveco FC Hybrid Cityclass
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MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
•Payload•Curb weight•Ni-Me battery•AC Induction Motor•PEM Fuel Cell System•Powertrain Architecture •H2 Tank
4 seats1150 kg
144 V – 0.9 kWh15/30 kW, 123 Nm
40 kW maxHybrid Full Performance
68 l @ 350 bar
VEHICLE PERFORMANCE
• Acceleration 0-50 km/h• Maximum speed• Gradeability @ full load• Refuelling time• Range (UDC cycle)
< 7 s 130 km/h
> 20%< 10 min
220 km
Fiat Seicento HydrogenProgram supported by Ministry of Environment
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NEXT STEP FUEL CELL VEHICLES FLEETS
(2006-2010)
Toward Hydrogen Mobility
The Fiat Road-Map on Automotive Technologies
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The 3d generation FCV: Panda HydrogenProgram supported by Ministry of Environment
Main Features and Vehicle PerformancePayload 4 seatsCurb Weight 1150 kgMax Speed 150 km/hAcceleration Time (0–50 km/h) 7 sRange (Urban Driving Cycle) > 220 kmGradeability @ full load 23%Refuelling time < 5 min
FC PowertrainArchitecture Full Power FCFuel Cell System Nuvera PEM stacksElectric Motor AC InductionHydrogen Tank 68 l, 1.6 kg H2 @ 350 bar
Fiat Panda Hydrogen
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Project Goal
• Set up and test the Hydrogen chain for Transportation, from production to distribution
• Verify User Acceptance of Fuel Cell Vehicles, and functionality of related infrastructure and services
• Assess safety, cost issues, socio-economic and environmental impact
The EU- Zero Regio ProgramFC Vehicles fleet demonstration (2006-2008)
MANTOVA
FRAKFURT
CONSORTIUM
Regione Lombardia
Centro Recerche Fiat
Eni Technology
City of Mantova
Sapio
JRC, Ispra
IEFE, Bocconi University
Lund University
Roskilde University
Rhein Main
Daimler Chrysler
Fraport AG
Agip Deutschland GmbH
Infraserv GmbH & Co.
Hoechst KG
Linde AG
Saviko Consultants
TÜV Hessen GmbH
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EUROPOLIS FUEL CELLS EUROPOLIS FUEL CELLS EUROPOLIS FUEL CELLS EUROPOLIS FUEL CELLS
System: series hybrid Length: 7.4 m. Chassis: superlow (350 mm.) Payload: > 30 passengers Batteries: Ni-Cd / Ni-MeH Range: > 200 km (hybrid mode)
60kW Hybrid Fuel Cell Modular System
CRF
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Genova• Stazione di rifornimento• Europolis/Panda
FUEL CELLFUEL CELL VEHICLES VEHICLES plannedplanned Fleet Test Fleet Tests (2008-2010)s (2008-2010)
FUEL CELLFUEL CELL VEHICLES VEHICLES plannedplanned Fleet Test Fleet Tests (2008-2010)s (2008-2010)
Torino• Stazione di rifornimento• 2 Europolis FC Hybrid
Milano, Mantova, Arese• Stazione di produzione
e rifornimento• 10 Panda Hydrogen• 2 Europolis FC Hybrid
Napoli• Stazione di rifornimento• Europolis/Panda
Firenze/Siena• Stazione di
rifornimento• Europolis/Panda
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IMPROVEMENTS EXPECTED ON FUEL CELL POWERTRAIN
(2006-2010)
Toward Hydrogen Mobility
The Fiat Road-Map on FCV
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CRF Research Activities are addressing the following priorities:
• Fuel Cell tecnologies for improved efficiency (>50%), extended performances (-30°C--+50°C ambient, 5000 hrs duration) and lower Cost:
- New hydrogen recirculation circuits- Simplified humidification techniques- High temperature membrane (>90°C)- Cooling circuit and materials for low temperature operation (-30°C)- On board diagnosis for enhanced Safety- New generation, high-voltage low-cost Stacks with simplified design, improved catalytic materials and automated assembly
•Standardisation of Components and subsystems for applications both to Cars and Buses.
NEXT STEP: Improving FC Vehicles(2006-2010)
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HYDROGEN SAFETY
Toward Hydrogen Mobility
The Fiat Road-Map on FCV
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User Expectations for Hydrogen Vehicles :
• No additional tasks or responsibility during vehicle lifecycle, e.g. refuelling or maintenance
•No additional costs, including maintenance and repair
•Safety levels equal or better of current vehicles
Hydrogen Vehicles Safety
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Priority Investigation Areas• H2 Leakage Detection and Recovery during Vehicle Refuelling, Stationary and Dynamic Operation.• Improved high pressure H2 Storage; integrity status & performance monitoring.• Crashworthiness of hydrogen components• Automated Emergency interventions, e.g. Hydrogen discharge in case of crash, fire-explosion risk• Passive mitigation engineering measures to protect occupants and surroundings from disruptive events such as explosion and fire
Other Issues• Electrical shock prevention.
The Approach includes the development of comprehensive sensing,diagnostics and control technologies, the adoption of engineering based on best practices and consistent experimental data base, exhaustive test and analysis procedures.
SOLUTIONS MUST BE RELIABLE, SIMPLE AND COST EFFECTIVEto increase public confidence on Hydrogen safety and reliability
“better than current vehicles”
HYDROGEN VEHICLES
Safety